From: Exploring the public-private sector wage gap in European countries
 | AT | BE | BG | CY | CZ | DE | DK | EE | ES | FI | GR | HU | IE | IS |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
public | 0.002 | -0.017** | 0.015 | 0.105*** | 0.060*** | -0.028*** | 0.024** | 0.012 | 0.070*** | 0.007 | 0.102*** | 0.082*** | 0.051*** | 0.046** |
other | -0.002 | 0.017** | -0.015 | -0.105*** | -0.060*** | 0.028*** | -0.024** | -0.012 | -0.070*** | -0.007 | -0.102*** | -0.082*** | -0.051*** | -0.046** |
age25_29 | -0.195*** | -0.215*** | -0.008 | -0.258*** | -0.049*** | -0.216*** | -0.201*** | 0.080*** | -0.189*** | -0.120*** | -0.349*** | -0.126*** | -0.290*** | -0.194*** |
age30_34 | -0.063*** | -0.106*** | -0.014 | -0.111*** | 0.020** | -0.080*** | -0.038*** | 0.097*** | -0.124*** | -0.062*** | -0.172*** | -0.015 | -0.157*** | -0.106*** |
age35_39 | -0.013 | -0.006 | 0.023 | -0.072*** | 0.032*** | 0.018 | 0.021* | 0.050*** | -0.019* | -0.027* | -0.056*** | 0.031** | 0.022 | 0.021 |
age40_44 | -0.005 | 0.052*** | 0.010 | 0.030 | 0.002 | 0.035*** | 0.060*** | 0.032* | 0.026*** | 0.023* | 0.059*** | 0.023* | 0.061*** | 0.072*** |
age45_49 | 0.056*** | 0.084*** | 0.027 | 0.077*** | 0.023** | 0.082*** | 0.069*** | -0.016 | 0.070*** | 0.046*** | 0.138*** | 0.003 | 0.149*** | 0.092*** |
age50_54 | 0.077*** | 0.093*** | -0.008 | 0.157*** | 0.001 | 0.100*** | 0.042*** | -0.055*** | 0.108*** | 0.063*** | 0.199*** | 0.058*** | 0.096*** | 0.048* |
age55_60 | 0.143*** | 0.099*** | -0.030 | 0.176*** | -0.030*** | 0.060*** | 0.047*** | -0.188*** | 0.128*** | 0.077*** | 0.182*** | 0.025* | 0.118*** | 0.068** |
edL | -0.204*** | -0.107*** | -0.164*** | -0.105*** | -0.212*** | -0.086*** | -0.075*** | -0.150*** | -0.147*** | -0.119*** | -0.145*** | -0.234*** | -0.160*** | -0.145*** |
edS | 0.006 | -0.009 | -0.045*** | -0.063*** | -0.026*** | -0.035*** | -0.002 | -0.014 | -0.006 | -0.029*** | -0.017* | -0.064*** | -0.018 | -0.013 |
edH | 0.199*** | 0.116*** | 0.209*** | 0.168*** | 0.238*** | 0.121*** | 0.077*** | 0.164*** | 0.152*** | 0.148*** | 0.162*** | 0.298*** | 0.177*** | 0.157*** |
female | -0.104*** | -0.045*** | -0.142*** | -0.152*** | -0.135*** | -0.102*** | -0.099*** | -0.209*** | -0.073*** | -0.107*** | -0.098*** | -0.090*** | -0.066*** | -0.092*** |
male | 0.104*** | 0.045*** | 0.142*** | 0.152*** | 0.135*** | 0.102*** | 0.099*** | 0.209*** | 0.073*** | 0.107*** | 0.098*** | 0.090*** | 0.066*** | 0.092*** |
temporary | -0.073*** | -0.072*** | -0.071*** | -0.278*** | -0.026*** | -0.106*** | na | -0.049 | -0.080*** | -0.081*** | -0.087*** | -0.080*** | -0.025 | -0.112*** |
permanent | 0.073*** | 0.072*** | 0.071*** | 0.278*** | 0.026*** | 0.106*** | na | 0.049 | 0.080*** | 0.081*** | 0.087*** | 0.080*** | 0.025 | 0.112*** |
occup_d | -0.188*** | -0.138*** | -0.097*** | -0.315*** | -0.162*** | -0.226*** | -0.122*** | -0.140*** | -0.174*** | -0.173*** | -0.208*** | -0.197*** | -0.177*** | -0.120*** |
occup_c | -0.065*** | -0.064*** | -0.152*** | -0.167*** | -0.119*** | -0.087*** | -0.123*** | -0.233*** | -0.135*** | -0.159*** | -0.124*** | -0.168*** | -0.152*** | -0.094*** |
occup_b | 0.099*** | 0.028*** | 0.038* | 0.172*** | 0.063*** | 0.104*** | 0.066*** | 0.132*** | 0.128*** | 0.029*** | 0.041** | 0.079*** | 0.155*** | 0.070*** |
occup_a | 0.154*** | 0.174*** | 0.211*** | 0.311*** | 0.218*** | 0.208*** | 0.180*** | 0.241*** | 0.180*** | 0.304*** | 0.290*** | 0.286*** | 0.173*** | 0.144*** |
Constant | 2.643*** | 2.749*** | 0.330*** | 2.184*** | 1.413*** | 2.582*** | 3.152*** | 1.243*** | 2.345*** | 2.723*** | 2.330*** | 1.170*** | 2.982*** | 2.962*** |
Observations | 2,963 | 3,224 | 3,031 | 2,862 | 8,484 | 6,559 | 4,551 | 4,011 | 8,601 | 3,453 | 3,104 | 5,943 | 1,965 | 1,083 |
R-squared | 0.324 | 0.259 | 0.194 | 0.483 | 0.340 | 0.261 | 0.258 | 0.330 | 0.353 | 0.399 | 0.387 | 0.380 | 0.344 | 0.263 |
 | IT | LT | LU | LV | NL | NO | PL | PT | RO | SE | SI | SK | UK | |
public | 0.047*** | 0.009 | 0.121*** | 0.074*** | 0.033*** | -0.038*** | 0.034*** | 0.079*** | 0.057*** | 0.015 | 0.001 | 0.042*** | 0.050*** | |
other | -0.047*** | -0.009 | -0.121*** | -0.074*** | -0.033*** | 0.038*** | -0.034*** | -0.079*** | -0.057*** | -0.015 | -0.001 | -0.042*** | -0.050*** | |
age25_29 | -0.210*** | 0.011 | -0.251*** | 0.026 | -0.263*** | -0.137*** | -0.163*** | -0.236*** | -0.134*** | -0.172*** | -0.161*** | -0.043*** | -0.175*** | |
age30_34 | -0.115*** | 0.077*** | -0.178*** | 0.056** | -0.107*** | -0.068*** | -0.088*** | -0.120*** | -0.022 | -0.109*** | -0.110*** | -0.035*** | 0.004 | |
age35_39 | -0.042*** | -0.047** | -0.091*** | 0.015 | 0.012 | 0.027 | 0.026** | -0.017 | -0.002 | -0.004 | -0.008 | 0.030** | 0.044*** | |
age40_44 | 0.022*** | 0.016 | -0.007 | -0.012 | 0.067*** | 0.043** | 0.069*** | 0.032* | 0.065*** | 0.038* | 0.032** | 0.029*** | 0.041*** | |
age45_49 | 0.079*** | 0.011 | 0.083*** | -0.003 | 0.084*** | 0.077*** | 0.053*** | 0.089*** | 0.040*** | 0.068*** | 0.094*** | 0.022** | 0.041*** | |
age50_54 | 0.116*** | -0.030 | 0.180*** | -0.050** | 0.101*** | 0.050** | 0.046*** | 0.112*** | 0.039*** | 0.083*** | 0.079*** | 0.023** | 0.018 | |
age55_60 | 0.150*** | -0.040** | 0.264*** | -0.031 | 0.106*** | 0.008 | 0.057*** | 0.138*** | 0.013 | 0.095*** | 0.074*** | -0.025* | 0.026 | |
edL | -0.141*** | -0.119*** | -0.194*** | -0.206*** | -0.135*** | -0.112*** | -0.181*** | -0.374*** | -0.241*** | -0.023 | -0.248*** | -0.207*** | -0.200*** | |
edS | -0.004 | -0.033** | -0.014 | -0.075*** | -0.054*** | 0.006 | -0.035*** | -0.062*** | -0.049*** | -0.017 | -0.058*** | -0.001 | -0.008 | |
edH | 0.144*** | 0.152*** | 0.208*** | 0.281*** | 0.190*** | 0.106*** | 0.216*** | 0.436*** | 0.290*** | 0.040** | 0.305*** | 0.208*** | 0.208*** | |
female | -0.072*** | -0.189*** | -0.081*** | -0.169*** | -0.068*** | -0.101*** | -0.119*** | -0.121*** | -0.094*** | -0.107*** | -0.075*** | -0.123*** | -0.089*** | |
male | 0.072*** | 0.189*** | 0.081*** | 0.169*** | 0.068*** | 0.101*** | 0.119*** | 0.121*** | 0.094*** | 0.107*** | 0.075*** | 0.123*** | 0.089*** | |
temporary | -0.116*** | -0.046* | -0.103*** | -0.056* | -0.057*** | -0.065*** | -0.096*** | -0.078*** | -0.071*** | -0.136*** | -0.097*** | -0.049*** | na | |
permanent | 0.116*** | 0.046* | 0.103*** | 0.056* | 0.057*** | 0.065*** | 0.096*** | 0.078*** | 0.071*** | 0.136*** | 0.097*** | 0.049*** | na | |
occup_d | -0.186*** | -0.237*** | -0.286*** | -0.225*** | -0.154*** | -0.081*** | -0.197*** | -0.182*** | -0.200*** | -0.193*** | -0.234*** | -0.128*** | -0.221*** | |
occup_c | -0.089*** | -0.256*** | -0.153*** | -0.213*** | -0.080*** | -0.098*** | -0.208*** | -0.083*** | -0.210*** | -0.154*** | -0.120*** | -0.134*** | -0.123*** | |
occup_b | 0.035*** | 0.167*** | 0.147*** | 0.144*** | 0.056*** | 0.050*** | 0.120*** | 0.193*** | 0.096*** | 0.024 | 0.086*** | 0.050*** | 0.102*** | |
occup_a | 0.241*** | 0.327*** | 0.291*** | 0.293*** | 0.178*** | 0.129*** | 0.285*** | 0.072 | 0.314*** | 0.323*** | 0.268*** | 0.212*** | 0.242*** | |
Constant | 2.534*** | 1.017*** | 3.061*** | 1.198*** | 2.986*** | 3.036*** | 1.216*** | 2.048*** | 0.582*** | 2.779*** | 1.993*** | 1.053*** | 2.866*** | |
Observations | 10,219 | 3,575 | 2,912 | 3,726 | 2,485 | 2,128 | 8,586 | 2,777 | 4,588 | 2,493 | 3,365 | 5,521 | 4,439 | |
R-squared | 0.310 | 0.278 | 0.534 | 0.291 | 0.411 | 0.172 | 0.300 | 0.508 | 0.386 | 0.206 | 0.441 | 0.279 | 0.292 |