From: Female labour market participation in Europe: novel evidence on trends and shaping factors
Final variable | Original variable | Description | Source |
---|---|---|---|
Institutions | Employment Protection Legislation | Composite indicator of employment protection which refers both to regulations concerning hiring | |
(e.g. rules favouring disadvantaged groups, conditions for using temporary or fixed-term contracts, | |||
training requirements) and firing (e.g. redundancy procedures, mandated prenotification periods and | |||
severance payments, special requirements for collective dismissals and short-time work schemes). | OECD, various years | ||
Passive Labour Market Policies | Sum of national expenditures on active labour market policies (in percentage of national GDP), | ||
including: Out-of-work income maintenance and support, Early retirement. | OECD, various years | ||
Active Labour Market Policies | Sum of national expenditures on active labour market policies (in percentage of national GDP), | ||
including: Training, Job Rotation and Job Sharing, Employment incentives, Supported employment | |||
and rehabilitation, Direct job creation, Start-up incentives. | OECD, various years | ||
Policies | Elderly Subsidies | Sum of national transfers to the elderly population (per head at constant prices (2000) and constant PPPs | |
(2000), in US dollars), weighted by the percentage of old-age population (over 70 years old) within the country. | |||
This set of policies includes: Old age cash and in kind benefits, Residential care or Home-help services. | OECD, various years | ||
Family Subsidies | Sum of national expenditures on allowances and other type of monthly transfers to the households | ||
(per family at constant prices (2000) and constant PPPs(2000), in US dollars). We consider a weighted | |||
sum of monthly family allowances for the first, second, and third child in national currency, with weights | |||
equal to the average number of children a woman would have if she lived to the end of her childbearing | |||
years (conventionally considered to be 15-44 but sometimes 15-49) and bore children at the prevailing | |||
rate for each age during that period. Value of tax and benefit transfers of one-earner-two-parent two-child | |||
families are considered. The value was calculated by subtracting the disposable income (after taxes and | |||
transfers) of a one-earner-two-parent-two-child family from that of a comparable childless single earner. | Gauthier (2011a) | ||
Paternal Leave | Composite indicator of national expenditures on maternity, parental, and child care leave schemes. It is a | ||
weighted sum of the total number of weeks of maternity, parental and child-care leave, with weights equal | |||
to the cash benefits paid during the leave as a percent of female wages in manufacturing. | Gauthier (2011b) |