Table 3 Difference in difference estimations for PISA 2000 and PISA 2009 in reading
From: Publicizing the results of standardized external tests: does it have an effect on school outcomes?
Variable | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Madrid | 13.620* | 9.327 | 2.071 | 2.761 |
(8.107) | (5.841) | (8.001) | (6.869) | |
Madrid*PISA2009 | 12.267 | 13.718** | 16.985** | 15.415** |
(9.703) | (6.867) | (8.083) | (7.657) | |
PISA2009 | −13.185*** | −9.499*** | −5.448 | −8.436** |
(3.635) | (2.995) | (3.843) | (3.744) | |
Student characteristics | ||||
Female | 27.230*** | 26.115*** | 26.231*** | |
(1.789) | (1.781) | (1.696) | ||
Age | 18.521*** | 19.680*** | 19.180*** | |
(3.118) | (3.372) | (3.366) | ||
Immigrant | −17.608*** | −16.988** | −19.294*** | |
(6.301) | (6.778) | (6.504) | ||
Mother immigrant | −13.890** | −14.851** | −11.932* | |
(6.766) | (7.345) | (7.027) | ||
Father immigrant | −8.080 | −7.079 | −5.043 | |
(5.609) | (5.983) | (6.043) | ||
Foreign language spoken at home | −4.108 | −2.888 | −0.192 | |
(2.689) | (2.615) | (2.721) | ||
Single parent family | −4.899** | −5.730** | −6.146*** | |
(2.288) | (2.312) | (2.178) | ||
Mixed family | −22.204*** | −24.441*** | −25.051*** | |
(5.404) | (5.750) | (5.911) | ||
Learning time (hours/week) in reading | −8.492*** | −8.690*** | −12.495*** | |
(1.420) | (1.545) | (1.587) | ||
ESCS (Index of Economic, Social and Cultural Status) | 27.955*** | 24.845*** | 19.628*** | |
(1.100) | (1.072) | (0.852) | ||
ESCS squared | −1.564** | −1.868** | −1.656** | |
(0.757) | (0.763) | (0.710) | ||
School characteristics | ||||
Private school | 23.473*** | −3.719 | ||
(8.548) | (8.095) | |||
Charter school | 12.103** | −1.032 | ||
(5.776) | (5.099) | |||
School in small town | 1.078 | 1.581 | ||
(6.443) | (4.890) | |||
School in town | 1.749 | 0.086 | ||
(6.653) | (5.042) | |||
School in city | 7.013 | 4.163 | ||
(7.233) | (5.556) | |||
School in large city | 12.746 | 8.784 | ||
(8.965) | (6.671) | |||
Student/teacher ratio | 0.038 | 0.373 | ||
(0.657) | (0.544) | |||
School size | 0.005 | −0.006* | ||
(0.004) | (0.004) | |||
Assessments used to compare the school to district/national performance | −1.527 | −2.520 | ||
(2.993) | (2.959) | |||
Assessments used to make judgments about teacher’s effectiveness | 0.592 | −0.442 | ||
(2.669) | (2.389) | |||
Proportion of girls in school | −14.228 | |||
(13.844) | ||||
School average of ESCS index | 23.880*** | |||
(2.808) | ||||
School average of ESCS index squared | −8.226*** | |||
(2.706) | ||||
% of Immigrant students in school | 0.471 | |||
(0.451) | ||||
% of Mother immigrants in school | −0.109 | |||
(0.336) | ||||
% of Father immigrants in school | −0.538 | |||
(0.415) | ||||
School average learning time (hours/week) in reading | 11.089*** | |||
(3.485) | ||||
Constant | 490.770*** | 229.792*** | 197.296*** | 221.023*** |
(2.793) | (49.645) | (54.414) | (55.028) |