From: Scars of early non-employment for low educated youth: evidence and policy lessons from Belgium
Continuous outcomes a: | Log earnings | Log hours worked | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
g94-02 b | g98-02 c | g94-02 | g98-02 | |||
full spec. d | Restricted spec. e | Full spec. | Restricted spec. | |||
(1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | |
Cluster | g∗p | g∗p | g∗p | g∗p | g∗p | g∗p |
Early non-empl (% hours) | –0.027*** | –0.027*** | –0.029*** | –0.020*** | –0.020*** | –0.022*** |
(0.004) | (0.004) | (0.005) | (0.003) | (0.003) | (0.004) | |
UR_pe6 | 0.482** | 0.617*** | 0.594 | 0.334** | 0.432*** | 0.445 |
(0.190) | (0.179) | (0.544) | (0.138) | (0.130) | (0.393) | |
lin_grad_year | –0.159 | –0.114 | 0.811* | –0.114 | –0.082 | 0.635* |
(0.294) | (0.284) | (0.460) | (0.213) | (0.205) | (0.333) | |
lin_grad_year |trend>3 | 0.903** | 0.661* | –1.032 | 0.668** | 0.492* | –0.795 |
(0.400) | (0.360) | (0.701) | (0.292) | (0.260) | (0.503) | |
lin_grad_year |trend>6 | –0.460* | –0.334* | ||||
(0.258) | (0.187) | |||||
avg_UR_pe3-6 | –1.284*** | –0.826** | –1.879 | –0.965*** | –0.634** | –1.481 |
(0.451) | (0.394) | (1.373) | (0.326) | (0.289) | (0.993) | |
min_UR_pe0-6 | –0.572 | –0.692 | –3.140*** | –0.313 | –0.398 | –2.204** |
(0.622) | (0.590) | (1.118) | (0.439) | (0.419) | (0.791) | |
d_province2 | –1.381* | –0.913 | –4.627*** | –0.948* | –0.612 | –3.214** |
(0.711) | (0.704) | (1.597) | (0.504) | (0.503) | (1.169) | |
d_province3 | –2.175*** | –1.756*** | –4.127** | –1.577*** | –1.275*** | –3.024** |
(0.607) | (0.547) | (1.740) | (0.434) | (0.392) | (1.238) | |
d_province4 | 0.084 | –0.109 | –1.617 | 0.074 | –0.069 | –1.118 |
(0.480) | (0.456) | (1.380) | (0.350) | (0.333) | (0.984) | |
d_province5 | 0.899 | 0.741 | 1.125 | 0.667 | 0.552 | 0.743 |
(0.610) | (0.609) | (1.902) | (0.450) | (0.451) | (1.397) | |
lin_calend_year_prov2 | 0.050 | 0.075 | 0.126 | 0.035 | 0.055 | 0.064 |
(0.139) | (0.144) | (0.307) | (0.102) | (0.106) | (0.228) | |
lin_calend_year_prov3 | 0.072 | 0.147 | –0.135 | 0.059 | 0.114 | –0.105 |
(0.114) | (0.104) | (0.137) | (0.081) | (0.075) | (0.094) | |
lin_calend_year_prov4 | –0.095 | –0.007 | –0.120 | –0.068 | –0.004 | –0.102 |
(0.127) | (0.109) | (0.304) | (0.093) | (0.080) | (0.220) | |
lin_calend_year_prov5 | –0.081 | –0.102 | –0.078 | –0.059 | –0.075 | –0.041 |
(0.107) | (0.107) | (0.357) | (0.079) | (0.080) | (0.263) | |
birth cohort76 | 0.704 | 0.813 | 0.816 | 0.542 | 0.622 | 0.625 |
(0.563) | (0.510) | (0.599) | (0.413) | (0.373) | (0.437) | |
birth cohort78 | 0.426 | 0.487 | 0.471 | 0.319 | 0.364 | 0.353 |
(0.368) | (0.350) | (0.353) | (0.269) | (0.255) | (0.256) | |
HH members aged 0–11 | –0.018 | 0.016 | 0.005 | –0.046 | –0.021 | –0.027 |
(0.112) | (0.116) | (0.136) | (0.088) | (0.090) | (0.103) | |
Father education | 0.001 | –0.002 | –0.017 | 0.000 | –0.003 | –0.014 |
(0.026) | (0.025) | (0.041) | (0.019) | (0.019) | (0.031) | |
Mother education | –0.105*** | –0.100*** | –0.103** | –0.077*** | –0.073*** | –0.074** |
(0.036) | (0.035) | (0.045) | (0.027) | (0.026) | (0.033) | |
Years of delay in sec. edu | –0.054 | –0.143 | –0.190 | –0.042 | –0.106 | –0.140 |
(0.111) | (0.096) | (0.166) | (0.081) | (0.071) | (0.121) | |
General edu | –0.449 | –0.161 | –0.361 | –0.145 | ||
(0.299) | (0.353) | (0.226) | (0.265) | |||
Live in single-parent | 0.345 | 0.273 | ||||
(0.463) | (0.347) | |||||
Not live with parents | 0.427* | 0.348* | ||||
(0.243) | (0.179) | |||||
HH members aged 12–17 | 0.168 | 0.126 | ||||
(0.118) | (0.088) | |||||
HH members aged 18–29 | 0.011 | 0.007 | ||||
(0.116) | (0.087) | |||||
HH members aged 30–64 | –0.033 | –0.011 | ||||
(0.407) | (0.302) | |||||
HH members aged 65+ | –0.068 | –0.029 | ||||
(0.364) | (0.268) | |||||
Technical edu | 0.443 | 0.356 | ||||
(0.327) | (0.247) | |||||
Vocational edu | 0.457 | 0.368* | ||||
(0.277) | (0.210) | |||||
Apprenticeship/PT edu | –0.188 | –0.109 | ||||
(0.453) | (0.337) | |||||
Constant | 15.056*** | 12.908*** | 29.987*** | 10.779*** | 9.282*** | 22.069*** |
(3.753) | (3.432) | (7.716) | (2.695) | (2.454) | (5.520) | |
Observations | 1,902 | 1,902 | 946 | 1,902 | 1,902 | 946 |
R-squared | 0.090 | 0.084 | 0.097 | 0.089 | 0.084 | 0.098 |