Fig. 11

Female labor force participation profiles across cohorts. Note: EU LFS data, sample of individuals 30–54 years old. Weighted by sampling weights. Cells with less than 50 observations are excluded. The most recent cohort of 25–29 year olds is also omitted as it is only observed at later stages of family life when the last childbirth occurred before the age of 18, which makes the shape of the profile non-representative of the population. The five stages of family life are defined as follows: individuals younger than 40 with no children younger than 15 in the family (Group 0); individuals with at least one child below 5 (Group 1); individuals with the youngest child between 5 and 9 (Group 2); individuals with the youngest child between 10 and 14 (Group 3); and individuals aged 40 or more with no children younger than 15 present in the family