Table 4 OLS monthly earnings regressions, men and women pooled a
From: Why is there a gender earnings gap in self-employment? A decomposition analysis with German data
dependent variable: logarithm of gross monthly earnings | Self-employed | Paid employees | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
univariate | multivariate | univariate | multivariate | |
Female (dummy) | −0.720*** (0.049) | −0.332*** (0.049) | −0.513*** (0.010) | −0.126*** (0.008) |
Formal education (reference: no vocational degree) | ||||
No vocational degree & FHR/Abitur (dummy) | −0.176 (0.146) | −0.010 (0.031) | ||
Vocational training (dummy) | 0.029 (0.121) | 0.105*** (0.017) | ||
Vocational training & FHR/Abitur (dummy) | 0.068 (0.131) | 0.156*** (0.019) | ||
Vocational college (“Fachschule”) (dummy) | 0.043 (0.127) | 0.153*** (0.020) | ||
University or university of applied science degree (dummy) | 0.144 (0.125) | 0.284*** (0.019) | ||
Working experience (in years) | 0.009 (0.007) | 0.024*** (0.001) | ||
Working experience squared | −0.0001 (0.0001) | −0.0004*** (0.00003) | ||
Working intermissions (in years) | −0.029** (0.013) | −0.020*** (0.002) | ||
Working intermissions squared | 0.0003 (0.001) | 0.001*** (0.0001) | ||
Tenure at current job (in years) | 0.033*** (0.006) | 0.018*** (0.001) | ||
Tenure at current job squared | −0.001*** (0.0002) | −0.0004*** (0.00004) | ||
Number of changes of profession | −0.031*** (0.010) | −0.011*** (0.002) | ||
Working hours per week (in logarithms) | 0.665*** (0.053) | 0.938*** (0.012) | ||
Working time flexibility (reference: never) | ||||
Sometimes (dummy) | 0.052 (0.074) | 0.056*** (0.013) | ||
Often (dummy) | 0.110 (0.075) | 0.076*** (0.013) | ||
Family background (reference: single and no young children) | ||||
Life partner (dummy) | 0.001 (0.041) | 0.021*** (0.007) | ||
Young children (dummy) | −0.290 (0.352) | 0.048 (0.030) | ||
Life partner and young children (interaction effect) | 0.366 (0.359) | −0.020 (0.031) | ||
High career aspirations (dummy) | 0.040 (0.038) | −0.010 (0.006) | ||
Professional field (54 dummies) | Yes*** | Yes*** | ||
Tasks occurring at work (17 dummies) | Yes*** | Yes*** | ||
Firm size (reference: 5–9 employees) | ||||
1 employee (dummy) | −0.087 (0.058) | −0.019 (0.059) | ||
2 employees (dummy) | −0.042 (0.070) | −0.067* (0.038) | ||
3-4 employees (dummy) | 0.0002 (0.063) | −0.012 (0.019) | ||
10-19 employees (dummy) | 0.081 (0.080) | 0.050*** (0.014) | ||
20-49 employees (dummy) | 0.124 (0.106) | 0.087*** (0.013) | ||
50-99 employees (dummy) | 0.132 (0.191) | 0.101*** (0.014) | ||
100 employees and more (dummy) | 0.124 (0.170) | 0.197*** (0.012) | ||
Constant | 8.055*** (0.024) | 4.430*** (0.297) | 7.923*** (0.006) | 3.388*** (0.064) |
Number of observations | 1,471 | 1,471 | 13,981 | 13,981 |
R2 | 0.15 | 0.52 | 0.15 | 0.73 |