Table 1 Mean observable characteristics of welfare recipients, 1990 – 1999
From: Never give up? The persistence of welfare participation in Sweden
Swedish-born | Foreign-born | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | Welfare recipients | No welfare recipients | Total | Welfare recipients | No welfare recipients | |
Age | 39.9 | 35.3 | 40.0 | 40.1 | 36.6 | 40.5 |
Age 18–30 (%) | 19.1 | 35.0 | 18.6 | 15.6 | 24.7 | 14.5 |
Age 31–40 (%) | 31.5 | 35.1 | 31.4 | 35.2 | 42.9 | 34.2 |
Age 41–59 (%) | 49.4 | 29.9 | 50.0 | 49.2 | 32.4 | 51.2 |
Educational level | ||||||
Primary (%) | 22.8 | 44.1 | 22.1 | 37.2 | 53.9 | 35.2 |
Secondary (%) | 51.2 | 51.8 | 51.2 | 42.6 | 36.6 | 43.3 |
Post secondary (%) | 25.9 | 4.1 | 26.7 | 20.2 | 9.4 | 21.5 |
Children aged less than 4 (%) | 16.7 | 17.2 | 16.7 | 17.4 | 24.7 | 16.5 |
Cohabitant (%) | 59.8 | 21.2 | 61.2 | 61.4 | 43.0 | 63.6 |
City region (%) | 24.5 | 30.2 | 24.3 | 36.6 | 45.4 | 35.6 |
Unemployed (%) | 13.5 | 40.9 | 12.5 | 20.9 | 37.4 | 18.9 |
Regional rate of welfare participation | 4.9 | 5.4 | 4.8 | 5.6 | 5.9 | 5.5 |
SA norm (SEK) | 7 797 | 7 977 | 7 791 | 8 008 | 8 011 | 8 008 |
Average regional welfare duration | 4.6 | 4.6 | 4.6 | 6.6 | 6.7 | 6.6 |
Sample size | 82 050 | 2 738 | 79 312 | 84 070 | 9 138 | 74 932 |