Growing out of the crisis: hidden assets to Greece's transition to an innovation economy

IZA Journal of European Labor Studies

Table 4 Information on final consumption, export ratios, product market regulations and barriers to entry in services

	Final Consumption (% of GDP)	Exports (% of GDP)	Product market regulation	Barriers to entry in services
	2001-2010 avg	2001-2010 avg	2008	2008
Greece	89.38	22.33	2.3	4.0
Netherland	73.04	70.06	0.9	3.132.20
Germany	76.79	41.63	1.3	4.03.50
Finland	74.32	41.81	1.1	2.83.35
Portugal	85.1	29.38	1.4	3.53.90

Source: Eurostat (2012), OECD (2008), Calculations of DIW Berlin.
Product market regulation: The OECD Indicators of Product Market Regulation (PMR) are a comprehensive and internationally-comparable set of indicators that measure the degree to which policies promote or inhibit competition in areas of the product market where competition is viable. The indicators cover formal regulations in the following areas: state control of business enterprises; legal and administrative barriers to entrepreneurship; barriers to international trade and investment.
Barriers to entry in services: sub-indicator of product market regulation, includes professional services: Licensing, Education requirements and Retail trade: licenses or permits needed to engage in commercial activity, specific regulation of large outlet, protection of existing firms.