From: Exploring the public-private sector wage gap in European countries
 | AT | BE | BG | CY | CZ | DE | DK | EE | ES | FI | GR | HU | IE | IS |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
FULL SAMPLE | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
public | 2.847*** | 2.842*** | 0.428*** | 2.538*** | 1.539*** | 2.829*** | 3.211*** | 1.399*** | 2.536*** | 2.933*** | 2.507*** | 1.389*** | 3.180*** | 3.235*** |
private | 2.753*** | 2.839*** | 0.311*** | 2.242*** | 1.333*** | 2.794*** | 3.162*** | 1.266*** | 2.253*** | 2.805*** | 2.173*** | 1.098*** | 3.023*** | 3.082*** |
difference | 0.095*** | 0.004 | 0.117*** | 0.296*** | 0.206*** | 0.034*** | 0.049** | 0.133*** | 0.283*** | 0.128*** | 0.334*** | 0.291*** | 0.157*** | 0.153*** |
explained | 0.092*** | 0.036*** | 0.087*** | 0.097*** | 0.091*** | 0.087*** | 0.001 | 0.111*** | 0.151*** | 0.115*** | 0.144*** | 0.133*** | 0.061*** | 0.066*** |
pub. adv. | 0.003 | -0.028** | 0.027 | 0.176*** | 0.108*** | -0.045*** | 0.046** | 0.020 | 0.115*** | 0.012 | 0.159*** | 0.143*** | 0.081*** | 0.078** |
pri. disadv. | 0.000 | -0.005** | 0.002 | 0.023*** | 0.007*** | -0.007*** | 0.002** | 0.001 | 0.017*** | 0.001 | 0.031*** | 0.014*** | 0.014*** | 0.008** |
Obs. | 2,963 | 3,224 | 3,031 | 2,862 | 8,484 | 6,559 | 4,551 | 4,011 | 8,601 | 3,453 | 3,104 | 5,943 | 1,965 | 1,083 |
TERTIARY | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
public | 3.014*** | 2.936*** | 0.731*** | 2.600*** | 1.733*** | 2.894*** | 3.310*** | 1.550*** | 2.668*** | 2.999*** | 2.579*** | 1.734*** | 3.289*** | 3.291*** |
private | 2.959*** | 2.950*** | 0.560*** | 2.516*** | 1.700*** | 2.934*** | 3.274*** | 1.422*** | 2.473*** | 2.988*** | 2.376*** | 1.487*** | 3.187*** | 3.248*** |
difference | 0.055 | -0.014 | 0.171*** | 0.084* | 0.033 | -0.039** | 0.036 | 0.128*** | 0.194*** | 0.011 | 0.202*** | 0.246*** | 0.103*** | 0.043 |
explained | 0.051** | 0.020 | 0.071*** | 0.002 | 0.014 | 0.049*** | 0.009 | 0.093*** | 0.089*** | 0.025 | 0.097*** | 0.025* | 0.031 | 0.037 |
pub. adv. | 0.004 | -0.029 | 0.087* | 0.072*** | 0.017 | -0.074*** | 0.026 | 0.031 | 0.089*** | -0.012 | 0.084*** | 0.191*** | 0.061** | 0.005 |
pri. disadv. | 0.000 | -0.004 | 0.013* | 0.010*** | 0.002 | -0.014*** | 0.001 | 0.004 | 0.017*** | -0.002 | 0.021*** | 0.031*** | 0.011** | 0.001 |
Obs. | 1,051 | 1,583 | 739 | 1,124 | 1,452 | 3,563 | 1,816 | 1,398 | 3,538 | 1,667 | 1,157 | 1,764 | 1,058 | 507 |
NON- TERTIARY | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
public | 2.767*** | 2.770*** | 0.240*** | 2.494*** | 1.460*** | 2.722*** | 3.140*** | 1.224*** | 2.393*** | 2.740*** | 2.447*** | 1.102*** | 3.048*** | 3.158*** |
private | 2.638*** | 2.727*** | 0.237*** | 2.066*** | 1.261*** | 2.637*** | 3.088*** | 1.187*** | 2.109*** | 2.647*** | 2.060*** | 0.946*** | 2.834*** | 2.944*** |
difference | 0.129*** | 0.043** | 0.003 | 0.428*** | 0.199*** | 0.086*** | 0.052** | 0.037 | 0.284*** | 0.093*** | 0.388*** | 0.156*** | 0.214*** | 0.214*** |
explained | 0.115*** | 0.066*** | 0.004 | 0.139*** | 0.052*** | 0.076*** | -0.003 | 0.026 | 0.105*** | 0.022 | 0.119*** | 0.045*** | 0.062*** | 0.015 |
pub. adv. | 0.013 | -0.020 | -0.000 | 0.256*** | 0.140*** | 0.009 | 0.053** | 0.010 | 0.160*** | 0.068*** | 0.230*** | 0.103*** | 0.130*** | 0.184*** |
pri. disadv. | 0.001 | -0.004 | -0.000 | 0.033*** | 0.008*** | 0.001 | 0.002** | 0.001 | 0.018*** | 0.003*** | 0.038*** | 0.008*** | 0.022*** | 0.015*** |
Obs. | 1,912 | 1,641 | 2,292 | 1,738 | 7,032 | 2,996 | 2,735 | 2,613 | 5,063 | 1,786 | 1,947 | 4,179 | 907 | 576 |
 | IT | LT | LU | LV | NL | NO | PL | PT | RO | SE | SI | SK | UK | |
FULL SAMPLE | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
public | 2.719*** | 1.221*** | 3.297*** | 1.486*** | 3.227*** | 3.171*** | 1.451*** | 2.047*** | 0.814*** | 2.928*** | 2.235*** | 1.185*** | 3.007*** | |
private | 2.489*** | 1.062*** | 2.962*** | 1.106*** | 3.092*** | 3.200*** | 1.178*** | 1.770*** | 0.520*** | 2.858*** | 2.009*** | 1.043*** | 2.909*** | |
difference | 0.230*** | 0.159*** | 0.335*** | 0.380*** | 0.134*** | -0.029 | 0.273*** | 0.277*** | 0.294*** | 0.070* | 0.226*** | 0.142*** | 0.098*** | |
explained | 0.143*** | 0.142*** | 0.106*** | 0.241*** | 0.070*** | 0.044*** | 0.210*** | 0.124*** | 0.184*** | 0.042* | 0.225*** | 0.063*** | 0.001 | |
pub. adv. | 0.077*** | 0.015 | 0.212*** | 0.124*** | 0.056*** | -0.069*** | 0.058*** | 0.135*** | 0.104*** | 0.027 | 0.001 | 0.068*** | 0.086*** | |
pri. disadv. | 0.010*** | 0.001 | 0.017*** | 0.015*** | 0.008*** | -0.004*** | 0.005*** | 0.017*** | 0.006*** | 0.001 | 0.000 | 0.011*** | 0.011*** | |
Obs. | 10,219 | 3,575 | 2,912 | 3,726 | 2,485 | 2,128 | 8,586 | 2,777 | 4,588 | 2,493 | 3,365 | 5,521 | 4,439 | |
TERTIARY | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
public | 2.822*** | 1.288*** | 3.398*** | 1.679*** | 3.349*** | 3.264*** | 1.541*** | 2.552*** | 1.155*** | 2.945*** | 2.430*** | 1.362*** | 3.186*** | |
private | 2.707*** | 1.170*** | 3.329*** | 1.458*** | 3.278*** | 3.284*** | 1.492*** | 2.564*** | 0.944*** | 2.939*** | 2.436*** | 1.311*** | 3.119*** | |
difference | 0.114*** | 0.118*** | 0.069 | 0.222*** | 0.071*** | -0.020 | 0.048* | -0.012 | 0.211*** | 0.007 | -0.006 | 0.050** | 0.067** | |
explained | 0.064*** | 0.101*** | -0.011 | 0.137*** | 0.035** | 0.052** | 0.046*** | 0.021 | 0.064*** | 0.001 | 0.064*** | -0.010 | -0.038** | |
pub. adv. | 0.043** | 0.015 | 0.076 | 0.070** | 0.031* | -0.067** | 0.002 | -0.030 | 0.135*** | 0.005 | -0.060** | 0.046*** | 0.092*** | |
pri. disadv. | 0.008** | 0.002 | 0.004 | 0.015** | 0.005* | -0.005** | 0.000 | -0.003 | 0.012*** | 0.000 | -0.010** | 0.015*** | 0.013*** | |
Obs. | 2,098 | 2,343 | 1,125 | 1,243 | 1,165 | 1,002 | 2,467 | 452 | 1,246 | 1,136 | 948 | 1,256 | 1,949 | |
NON- TERTIARY | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
public | 2.683*** | 0.917*** | 3.263*** | 1.245*** | 3.082*** | 3.049*** | 1.345*** | 1.959*** | 0.548*** | 2.888*** | 1.997*** | 1.068*** | 2.842*** | |
private | 2.435*** | 0.868*** | 2.721*** | 0.950*** | 2.935*** | 3.126*** | 1.065*** | 1.614*** | 0.369*** | 2.793*** | 1.859*** | 0.976*** | 2.748*** | |
difference | 0.248*** | 0.048 | 0.542*** | 0.295*** | 0.147*** | -0.078*** | 0.280*** | 0.345*** | 0.179*** | 0.095 | 0.139*** | 0.093*** | 0.094*** | |
explained | 0.138*** | 0.054* | 0.237*** | 0.099*** | 0.050*** | -0.002 | 0.142*** | 0.122*** | 0.101*** | 0.031 | 0.088*** | -0.001 | -0.006 | |
pub. adv. | 0.098*** | -0.005 | 0.278*** | 0.182*** | 0.087*** | -0.072*** | 0.131*** | 0.198*** | 0.074** | 0.062 | 0.049* | 0.084*** | 0.089*** | |
pri. disadv. | 0.012*** | -0.000 | 0.027*** | 0.014*** | 0.010*** | -0.004** | 0.008*** | 0.025*** | 0.003** | 0.002 | 0.002* | 0.010*** | 0.011*** | |
Obs. | 8,121 | 1,232 | 1,787 | 2,483 | 1,320 | 1,126 | 6,119 | 2,325 | 3,342 | 1,357 | 2,417 | 4,265 | 2,490 |