Education and retirement: does University education at mid-age extend working life?

Stenberg, Anders; Westerlund, Olle

doi:10.1186/2193-9012-2-16

IZA Journal of European Labor Studies

Table 2 Probit model maximum likelihood estimation of the propensity score, variables measured in 1990, unless stated otherwise

From: Education and retirement: does University education at mid-age extend working life?

Dependent variable: binary indicator variable of registration in higher education 1992-1993.
	Males			Females
	Coefficient		Std.Err.	Coefficient		Std.Err.
Humanities track	-.733	^***	(.107)	-.794	^***	(.046)
Business track	-.938	^***	(.049)	−1.268	^***	(.084)
Engineering track	-.830	^***	(.029)	-.603	^***	(.058)
Professional track	−1.121	^***	(.031)	.060		(.040)
Construction	-.093		(.064)
Manufacturing	.020		(.056)	-.181	^***	(.058)
Finance, insurance	-.126	^**	(.061)	-.150	^***	(.054)
Public sector	.289	^***	(.057)	.429	^***	(.047)
Earnings 1990 ^a)	-.087	^***	(.015)	-.166	^***	(.030)
Highest earnings rank 1982-1990				.073	^***	(.024)
ALMP benefits > 0	.391	^***	(.068)	.375	^***	(.093)
- amount if above zero ^a)				-.799	^***	(.246)
Parental leave benefits > 0
- amount if above zero ^a)	.092		(.333)	-.307	^*	(.178)
Sick-leave benefits > 0	.056	^**	(.025)	.116	^***	(.026)
- amount if above zero ^a)	.255	^***	(.057)
Social welfare benefits > 0				.139	^**	(.059)
- amount if above zero ^a)
- amount if above zero ^a)	-.081		(.217)
Regional employment 1991 ^b)	−2.884	^***	(.551)
Inland of Norrland 1991				.313	^***	(.043)
Stockholm county 1991	-.199	^***	(.039)	-.338	^***	(.058)
Married	-.013		(.035)	.096	^***	(.032)
Divorced	.012		(.043)	.111	^***	(.038)
Foreign born	.018		(.082)	-.140	^*	(.084)
One child at home	.026		(.034)
Two children at home	.057	^*	(.035)	-.081	^***	(.029)
Three children at home	.159	^***	(.044)	-.057		(.043)
Four children at home	.049		(.085)
Five children or more at home	.317	^**	(.134)
Child home aged 0-3	.035		(.046)
Child home aged 4-6	-.080	^*	(.042)	.051		(.045)
Children aged 7-10				.094	^***	(.031)
Children aged 11-15				.135	^***	(.026)
Children aged 16-17				.076	^***	(.026)
Children aged 18 or over				.141	^***	(.024)
Pseudo R²	.154			.163

Notes: ^*** significant at the 1% level. ^** at the 5% level. ^* at the 10% level.
^a) SEK 2004 prices divided by 100,000, € 100 was approximately SEK 970.
^b) Regressions include age dummies and in the case of males an interaction term between Humanities tracking and two children at home. For females, also included are the following interactions: business track interacted with earnings 1990, 1987, two children at home, manufacturing, incidence of ALMP benefits, amount of ALMP benefit. Professional track interacted with “other” sector, earnings 1982, incidence of ALMP benefits, amount of ALMP benefit. Stockholm interacted with incidence of sick-leave benefits.

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