How do the unemployed search for a job? – Evidence from the EU Labour Force Survey

Bachmann, Ronald; Baumgarten, Daniel

doi:10.1186/2193-9012-2-22

IZA Journal of European Labor Studies

Table 6 Probit estimation of specific search methods by gender

From: How do the unemployed search for a job? – Evidence from the EU Labour Force Survey

	Women				Men
	Public employment office		Friends		Public employment office		Friends
	Marg. Effect	z-value	Marg. Effect	z-value	Marg. Effect	z-value	Marg. Effect	z-value
Age 15-24	Reference category		Reference category		Reference category		Reference category
Age 25-54	0.0301	2.02	−0.0293	−2.29	0.0405	3.81	−0.0135	−1.63
Age 55-64	−0.0068	−0.28	−0.0831	−2.20	0.0098	0.40	−0.0653	−3.82
ISCED 0-2	Reference category		Reference category		Reference category		Reference category
ISCED 3-4	0.0236	1.80	0.0232	1.14	0.0078	0.91	0.0263	1.47
ISCED 5-6	−0.0006	−0.03	0.0136	0.45	−0.0210	−1.62	0.0048	0.17
Unemployment duration <6 months	Reference category		Reference category		Reference category		Reference category
Unemployment duration 6–11 months	0.0265	1.55	0.0205	1.94	0.0277	1.22	−0.0022	−0.18
Unemployment duration > 11 months	0.0411	1.91	0.0084	0.60	0.0198	0.75	−0.0088	−0.92
No employment in preceding 8 years	−0.0187	−1.01	0.0082	0.65	0.0136	0.87	−0.0121	−0.94
Occupation of last job: Clerk	Reference category		Reference category		Reference category		Reference category
Occupation of last job: Armed forces	−0.0200	−0.19	−0.3184	−3.80	−0.0098	−0.12	0.0186	0.62
Occupation of last job: Legislator, senior official, manager	−0.0592	−2.87	0.0527	3.70	−0.0889	−4.09	0.0684	2.81
Occupation of last job: Professional	−0.0548	−2.38	0.0180	0.55	−0.0589	−1.63	0.0291	0.74
Occupation of last job: Technician or associate professional	−0.0183	−2.45	0.0177	1.31	−0.0125	−0.54	0.0512	1.85
Occupation of last job: Shop worker or shop and market sales worker	−0.0123	−0.78	0.0483	3.95	0.0080	0.66	0.0515	2.24
Occupation of last job: Skilled agricultural or fishery worker	0.0307	0.74	0.0490	2.74	0.0324	0.94	0.0121	0.65
Occupation of last job: Craft or related trades worker	0.0131	0.81	−0.0007	−0.05	0.0332	1.58	0.0427	4.96
Occupation of last job: Plant and machine operator or assembler	0.0122	0.80	0.0451	2.33	0.0414	2.42	0.0251	1.91
Occupation of last job: Elementary occupation	0.0061	0.31	0.0257	1.37	0.0391	2.86	0.0081	0.89
Occupation of last job: Missing	0.1333	5.11	0.0366	2.72	0.1223	8.64	0.0357	1.51
Sector of last job: Services	Reference category		Reference category		Reference category		Reference category
Sector of last job: Agriculture	−0.0379	−0.93	−0.0005	−0.04	0.0026	0.21	0.0068	0.31
Sector of last job: Industry	0.0100	1.35	0.0081	1.37	0.0081	1.08	0.0134	1.06
Sector of last job: Missing	−0.0511	−3.59	−0.0104	−0.69	−0.0607	−3.84	−0.0475	−2.26
Degree of urbanization: Intermediate	Reference category		Reference category		Reference category		Reference category
Degree of urbanization: Densely populated	−0.0304	−2.37	−0.0162	−2.44	−0.0225	−2.18	−0.0264	−2.19
Degree of urbanization: Thinly populated	0.0310	1.42	0.0067	0.31	0.0191	1.21	0.0122	0.38
Degree of urbanization: Missing	−0.0014	−0.07	0.0109	0.86	0.0315	2.25	−0.0101	−0.49
Situation before seeking employment: Working	Reference category		Reference category		Reference category		Reference category
Situation before seeking employment: Full-time education	−0.1593	−4.21	−0.0488	−2.40	−0.1061	−4.39	−0.0170	−0.61
Situation before seeking employment: Conscript on compulsory or military or community service	0.1318	2.08	−0.2152	−1.04	0.0723	1.84	0.0468	0.99
Situation before seeking employment: Domestic/family responsibilities	−0.1410	−3.66	−0.0058	−0.42	−0.1222	−2.94	0.0039	0.14
Situation before seeking employment: Other	−0.1178	−4.01	−0.0705	−1.34	−0.0687	−3.00	−0.0844	−1.25
Situation before seeking employment: Missing	0.0149	0.64	−0.0900	−3.42	0.0651	1.54	−0.0789	−2.32
Number of adults (15–64 years) in household	−0.0055	−0.61	0.0016	0.41	0.0025	0.57	−0.0017	−0.62
Number of children (<=4 years) in household	0.0037	0.39	−0.0290	−2.87	0.0118	1.23	0.0025	0.31
Number of children (5–14 years) in household	−0.0086	−1.16	−0.0033	−1.27	0.0006	0.12	0.0048	1.33
Number of elderly (> = 65 years) in household	0.0065	0.63	−0.0181	−2.00	0.0051	0.73	−0.0272	−2.59
Employed spouse in household	Reference category		Reference category		Reference category		Reference category
No spouse in household	0.0715	2.37	0.0015	0.09	0.0228	0.82	−0.0191	−1.90
Inactive/unemployed spouse in household	0.0758	1.98	−0.0398	−1.95	0.0490	2.35	−0.0414	−2.25
Pseudo R²	0.2025		0.1324		0.2346		0.1309
Observations	149,770		149,770		139,256		139,256

Source: EU-LFS, years 2006–2008, own calculations. – Notes: The table displays marginal effects obtained from probit regressions. The regressions also include maximum sets of country dummies, NUTS 1 region dummies (deviations from country means), and year dummies. Regressions make use of sampling weights. z-values are based on robust standard errors, clustered at the country level. z-values greater than 1.96 (2.58) in absolute value denote statistical significance at the 5 (1) per cent level.

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