Table 2 Factors and factor loadings
From: Higher education and economic innovation, a comparison of European countries
Dimension | Sub-dimension | Factor | Indicator | Abbreviation | Factor loading |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Policy | Funding | Funding | Public expenditure per pupil as a% of GDP per capita | Â | 0.78 |
| Â | Â | Â | Financial aid to student as% of total public expenditure on education, at tertiary level | Fin. Aid. | 0.87 |
| Â | Â | Â | Importance of formula and contract in the allocation of public funding | Funding allocation | x |
| Â | Autonomy | Policy autonomy | Policy autonomy | Policy autonomy | 0.84 |
| Â | Â | Managerial autonomy | Organizational autonomy | Organizational autonomy | 0.83 |
| Â | Â | Â | Financial autonomy | Financial autonomy | 0.74 |
Performance | Research | Research attractiveness and productivity | Scientific publications within the 10% most cited scientific publications worldwide as a % of total scientific publications per country | Top pubs. | 0.84 |
| Â | Â | Â | Universities in the top 500 ARWU ranking divided by% EU population of a given country | Top 500 univers. | 0.99 |
| Â | Â | Â | Number of incoming yearly Marie Curie fellows per million inhabitants | Marie-Curie fellows | 0.85 |
| Â | Â | Â | Number of yearly European Research Council starting grant wins per million inhabitants | ERC wins | 0.98 |
| Â | Â | Â | Public-private scientific co-publications per million inhabitants | Co pubs | 0.75 |
| Â | Education | Size | Students entering higher education through an alternative route | Transition | 0.79 |
|  |  |  | Students (ISCED 5–6) aged 20 - as% of corresponding age population | Enrolllt = enrollment; | x |
| Â | Â | International openness | Inward mobile students as% of student population in the host country | Internat. students | 0.79 |
|  |  | Graduation/graduate employment | Graduates in ISCED 5 and 6/enrollment number | Grads = graduates; | 0.85 |
|  |  |  | Employment rates of 18–34 year olds, 3 years or less after leaving formal education | Emplt = employment | 0.73 |
Economic innovation | Â | Economic innovation | Employment in Knowledge intensive industries as% of total employment | Knowl. Empl. | 0.94 |
| Â | Â | Â | GDP per hour worked in PPS euros | Labor prod. | 0.94 |