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Table 10 Welfare residual

From: Immigrants from eastern partnership (EaP) countries in Spain

 

Relative to natives

Relative to other migrants

Relative to migrants from EU enlargement

 

(1)

(2)

(3)

EaP

-0.045

-0.014

0.020

 

[0.031]

[0.031]

[0.032]

Female

-0.031***

-0.029***

-0.023***

 

[0.001]

[0.003]

[0.008]

EaP interacted by female

-0.017

-0.010

-0.012

 

[0.026]

[0.025]

[0.024]

Age

-0.034***

-0.022***

-0.013***

 

[0.000]

[0.002]

[0.004]

Age squared

0.000***

0.000***

0.000***

 

[0.000]

[0.000]

[0.000]

Years since migration

0.021***

0.005***

0.012***

 

[0.007]

[0.001]

[0.002]

Years since migration squared

-0.001**

-0.000***

-0.000***

 

[0.000]

[0.000]

[0.000]

EaP interacted by years since migration

 

0.011

0.003

  

[0.007]

[0.008]

EaP interacted by years since migration squared

 

-0.001

-0.000

  

[0.000]

[0.000]

Education dummies

yes

yes

yes

Child dummies

yes

yes

yes

State dummies

yes

yes

Yes

Year dummies

yes

yes

Yes

Observations

835,996

50,081

8,168

R-squared

0.143

0.093

0.078

  1. Source: Labor Force Survey 2000–2011.
  2. Notes: The dependent variable is an indicator for whether the respondent receives cash-welfare benefits (i.e. UI benefits, retired pension and other type of pension, including disability pension). Estimates of a linear probability model reported. Additional controls as in Table 6 and 7 are included (married, presence of children, household size and province controls). Specifications also included a linear trend and a linear trend specific to each region.
  3. Samples: Column (1) includes natives and EaP immigrants, Column (2) includes EaP immigrants and all other immigrants, Column (3) includes EaP migrants and immigrants from the 2004 and 2007 EU Enlargement (see Table 2 for a list of countries).
  4. *, ** , *** Estimate significantly different from zero at the 90%, 95% level, or 99% level respectively.