Hours of work and retirement behaviour

IZA Journal of European Labor Studies

Table 4 Descriptive statistics, by gender and labour force status

Variable	All			Men			Women
Labour force status	All	Retired	Employed	All	Retired	Employed	All	Retired	Employed
Age ⁽¹⁾	56.84	58.82	55.68	56.85	58.67	55.75	56.84	59.02	55.59
Age ⁽¹⁾	(4.86)	(4.72)	(4.56)	(4.82)	(4.69)	(4.56)	(4.91)	(4.74)	(4.57)
Years of work ⁽¹⁾	37.95	39.60	36.98	39.30	40.81	38.39	36.35	38.11	35.33
Years of work ⁽¹⁾	(7.93)	(7.95)	(7.76)	(7.20)	(7.22)	(7.04)	(8.45)	(8.53)	(8.23)
Reduction⁽²⁾ (Yes)	9.82	20.98	3.25	8.45	19.96	1.51	11.46	22.23	5.29
Activity sector
Agriculture	5.59	7.37	4.55	5.17	4.92	5.31	6.10	10.38	3.66
Industrial	28.43	31.83	26.42	37.52	39.00	36.63	17.61	23.03	14.50
Services	65.98	60.80	69.03	57.31	56.08	58.05	76.29	66.59	81.84
Blue-collar	54.45	53.89	54.78	59.23	55.15	61.69	48.75	52.34	46.70
Education
0 years	11.87	19.75	7.23	8.62	12.91	6.04	15.74	28.16	8.62
4 years	51.55	46.88	54.29	56.37	55.25	57.05	45.81	36.60	51.08
6 years	6.77	5.73	7.38	7.19	6.59	7.55	6.27	4.68	7.18
9 years	11.06	11.21	10.97	11.55	12.53	10.96	10.47	9.58	10.97
High school	6.92	6.45	7.20	6.70	6.87	6.60	7.18	5.93	7.90
University	11.83	9.98	12.93	9.56	5.85	11.80	14.53	15.05	14.24
Region
North	24.50	22.72	24.83	25.55	24.88	25.95	22.26	20.07	23.51
Centre	12.90	10.39	14.37	13.16	10.21	14.93	12.58	10.60	13.72
Lisbon	22.57	25.74	20.70	21.40	26.18	18.51	23.96	25.20	23.25
Alentejo	15.91	17.86	14.76	14.21	15.04	13.70	17.94	21.32	16.00
Algarve	9.84	9.77	9.88	9.56	10.03	9.28	10.17	9.46	10.58
Azores	6.96	7.47	6.66	8.48	8.82	8.28	5.15	5.82	4.77
Madeira	7.78	6.04	8.80	7.64	4.83	9.34	7.93	7.53	8.16
Active spouse ⁽³⁾	62.58	23.45	85.94	67.73	39.62	87.86	59.48	11.74	84.91
Observations	5,273	1,954	3,319	2,865	1,077	1,788	2,408	877	1,531

Source: Computations from the authors based on the “Transition to Retirement” module data, 2006. Portugal, National Statistics Office (INE) (2009), data from the Labour Force Survey in magnetic medium.
Notes: For retired individuals, the variable Age refers to the age of start of pension benefits’ receipt. ⁽¹⁾Continuous variables: standard deviations are presented in parenthesis. All other variables are dummies and values reported are percentages. ⁽²⁾Answers (b), (c) and (d) of Question 2 were gathered into a single category “Did not reduce”. ⁽³⁾There are 2,670 observations for the variable Active spouse.