From: Institutional barriers and job creation in Central and Eastern Europe
Variables | No regulations | Overall | Institutions | Finance | Crime | Corruption | Tax | Labor |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) | (8) | |
Firm characteristics | ||||||||
Initial size | −0.001** | −0.005*** | −0.005*** | −0.005*** | −0.005*** | −0.005*** | −0.005*** | −0.005*** |
(0.001) | (0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | |
Age | −0.008*** | −0.014*** | −0.014*** | −0.014*** | −0.014*** | −0.013*** | −0.014*** | −0.014*** |
(0.001) | (0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | |
TFP | - | 0.001*** | 0.001*** | 0.001*** | 0.001*** | 0.002*** | 0.001*** | 0.001*** |
- | (0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | |
Foreign owner | 0.004*** | 0.005*** | 0.004*** | 0.004*** | 0.004*** | 0.005*** | 0.004*** | |
(0.001) | (0.002) | (0.001) | (0.001) | (0.001) | (0.001) | (0.001) | ||
Industry characteristics | ||||||||
Agriculture | 0.001 | 0.021*** | 0.007*** | 0.014*** | 0.023*** | 0.031*** | 0.018*** | 0.020*** |
(0.002) | (0.001) | (0.002) | (0.002) | (0.001) | (0.001) | (0.001) | (0.001) | |
Mining | 0.010* | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
(0.005) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
Construction | 0.020*** | 0.063*** | 0.043*** | 0.054*** | 0.065*** | 0.073*** | 0.059*** | 0.063*** |
(0.002) | (0.003) | (0.004) | (0.004) | (0.003) | (0.003) | (0.003) | (0.003) | |
Manufacturing | 0.006** | 0.038*** | 0.022*** | 0.034*** | 0.044*** | 0.055*** | 0.034*** | 0.035*** |
(0.003) | (0.002) | (0.002) | (0.002) | (0.002) | (0.002) | (0.002) | (0.002) | |
Wholesale | 0.005 | 0.026*** | 0.018*** | 0.022*** | 0.025*** | 0.036*** | 0.023*** | 0.024*** |
(0.003) | (0.001) | (0.002) | (0.001) | (0.001) | (0.001) | (0.002) | (0.001) | |
Transport | 0.012*** | 0.053*** | 0.036*** | 0.049*** | 0.060*** | 0.076*** | 0.049*** | 0.050*** |
(0.004) | (0.001) | (0.003) | (0.002) | (0.003) | (0.005) | (0.001) | (0.001) | |
Overall inst.a) | - | −0.023*** | −0.029*** | −0.016*** | −0.032*** | −0.052*** | −0.017*** | −0.014*** |
- | (0.001) | (0.002) | (0.002) | (0.002) | (0.002) | (0.001) | (0.001) | |
Inst. regulation | - | - | 0.005*** | - | - | - | - | - |
- | - | (0.001) | - | - | - | - | - | |
Access to finance | - | - | - | −0.007*** | - | - | - | - |
- | - | - | (0.002) | - | - | - | - | |
Crime | - | - | - | - | 0.009*** | - | - | - |
- | - | - | - | (0.003) | - | - | - | |
Corruption | - | - | - | - | - | 0.024*** | - | - |
- | - | - | - | - | (0.002) | - | - | |
Taxation | - | - | - | - | - | - | −0.006*** | - |
- | - | - | - | - | - | (0.001) | ||
Labor regulations | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | −0.010*** |
- | - | - | - | - | - | - | (0.001) | |
Pseudo R2 | 0.034 | 0.052 | 0.053 | 0.052 | 0.052 | 0.061 | 0.052 | 0.052 |
Observations | 196,653 | 45,392 | 45,392 | 45,392 | 45,392 | 45,392 | 45,392 | 45,392 |