From: Institutional barriers and job creation in Central and Eastern Europe
Variables | No regulations | Overall | Institutions | Finance | Crime | Corruption | Tax | Labor |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) | (8) | |
Firm characteristics | ||||||||
Initial size | −0.023*** | −0.043*** | −0.043*** | −0.043*** | −0.043*** | −0.043*** | −0.043*** | −0.043*** |
(0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | |
Age | −0.029*** | −0.036*** | −0.036*** | −0.036*** | −0.036*** | −0.036*** | −0.036*** | −0.036*** |
(0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | |
TFP | - | 0.003*** | 0.003*** | 0.003*** | 0.003*** | 0.003*** | 0.003*** | 0.003*** |
- | (0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | |
Foreign owner | 0.035*** | 0.034*** | 0.035*** | 0.035*** | 0.035*** | 0.035*** | 0.035*** | |
(0.001) | (0.001) | (0.001) | (0.001) | (0.001) | (0.001) | (0.001) | ||
Industry characteristics | ||||||||
Agriculture | 0.051*** | 0.041*** | 0.040*** | 0.041*** | 0.046*** | 0.051*** | 0.038*** | 0.042*** |
(0.003) | (0.001) | (0.001) | (0.001) | (0.001) | (0.002) | (0.001) | (0.001) | |
Mining | 0.025*** | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
(0.005) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
Construction | 0.018*** | 0.009*** | 0.008*** | 0.009*** | 0.010*** | 0.019*** | 0.007*** | 0.010*** |
(0.003) | (0.001) | (0.001) | (0.001) | (0.001) | (0.002) | (0.001) | (0.001) | |
Manufacturing | −0.001 | −0.014*** | −0.015*** | −0.014*** | −0.009*** | −0.012*** | −0.016*** | −0.013*** |
(0.003) | (0.002) | (0.002) | (0.002) | (0.002) | (0.002) | (0.002) | (0.002) | |
Wholesale | 0.011*** | −0.005** | −0.007*** | −0.005*** | −0.004*** | −0.001 | −0.007*** | −0.005*** |
(0.001) | (0.002) | (0.001) | (0.001) | (0.001) | (0.001) | (0.001) | (0.001) | |
Transport | 0.015*** | 0.000 | −0.002*** | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.002*** | −0.001 | −0.001 |
(0.003) | (0.001) | (0.001) | (0.001) | (0.001) | (0.001) | (0.001) | (0.001) | |
Overall inst.a) | - | −0.006*** | −0.009*** | −0.006*** | −0.013*** | −0.006*** | −0.006*** | −0.006*** |
- | (0.001) | (0.001) | (0.001) | (0.002) | (0.001) | (0.001) | (0.001) | |
Inst. regulation | - | - | −0.000 | - | - | - | - | - |
- | - | (0.001) | - | - | - | - | - | |
Access to finance | - | - | - | −0.001 | - | - | - | - |
- | - | - | (0.001) | - | - | - | - | |
Crime | - | - | - | - | 0.009*** | - | - | - |
- | - | - | - | (0.002) | - | - | - | |
Corruption | - | - | - | - | - | −0.014*** | - | - |
- | - | - | - | - | (0.002) | - | - | |
Taxation | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.002*** | - |
- | - | - | - | - | - | (0.001) | - | |
Labor regulations | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | −0.004*** |
- | - | - | - | - | - | - | (0.001) | |
Pseudo R2 | 0.031 | 0.052 | 0.052 | 0.052 | 0.052 | 0.052 | 0.052 | 0.052 |
Observations | 299,695 | 79,827 | 79,882 | 79,836 | 79,827 | 79,827 | 79,827 | 79,827 |