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Table 6 Macedonia: Wage equation for pooled sample with intercept and slope dummies for women a

From: Occupational segregation and gender differentials in earnings in Macedonia

    

Women interaction dummies

 

Coefficient

Standard errorb

 

Coefficient

Standard errorb

Constant

3.3824

0.1216***

 

-0.6705

0.1196***

Education dummiesc

     

 Primary

0.0809

0.0394**

 

0.2024

0.0775***

 Secondary, 3 years

0.1408

0.0454***

 

0.2796

0.0845***

 Secondary, 4 years

0.2445

0.0462***

 

0.2352

0.0826***

 Non-university post-secondary

0.4375

0.0583***

 

0.0975

0.0954

University and above

0.6477

0.0616***

 

0.1989

0.0974**

Years of potential experience

0.0123

0.0053**

 

0.0022

0.0049

Experience-squared

-0.0002

0.0001**

 

-0.0001

0.0001

Unmarried person dummy

-0.0994

0.0263***

 

0.1231

0.0428***

Enterprise dummiesd

     

 Public sector

-0.1844

0.0266***

 

0.0760

0.0393*

 Private, with <10 employees

-0.2751

0.0338***

 

0.0543

0.0526

 Private, with 10–25 employees

-0.0313

0.0423

 

-0.0254

0.0681

Pension fund registration dummy

0.1172

0.0240***

 

0.0335

0.0375

Industry dummiese

     

 Manufacturing

0.0954

0.0315***

 

0.0614

0.0656

 Electricity, gas, water supply

0.4430

0.0420***

 

-0.1224

0.0958

 Construction

0.1463

0.0368***

 

-0.0747

0.0928

 Wholesale and retail trade

0.1185

0.0403***

 

0.1432

0.0758*

 Hotels and restaurants

0.1152

0.0575**

 

0.3167

0.0970***

 Transport and communications

0.1716

0.0396***

 

0.2101

0.0912**

 Financial intermediation

0.6345

0.0842***

 

-0.0023

0.1150

 Real estate and business services

0.0771

0.0540

 

0.2313

0.1025**

 Public administration

0.2801

0.0425***

 

-0.0613

0.0798

 Education

0.0927

0.0478*

 

0.0857

0.0810

 Health and social work

0.1867

0.0506***

 

0.0355

0.0808

 Other services

0.2361

0.0412***

 

0.0747

0.0806

Occupation dummiesf

     

 Managers and senior officials

0.2866

0.0490***

 

-0.0633

0.0947

 Professionals

0.1892

0.0446***

 

0.1051

0.0697

 Technicians and associate professionals

0.1716

0.0376***

 

0.1094

0.0618*

 Clerks

0.1043

0.0391***

 

0.0968

0.0623

 Service and sales workers

0.0629

0.0345*

 

-0.0430

0.0566

 Craft and related trade workers

0.0971

0.0326***

 

-0.0866

0.0582

 Plant and machine operators and assemblers

0.0628

0.0336*

 

-0.0784

0.0672

Occupation feminization dummiesg

     

 Feminization 21-40 percent

-0.0580

0.0234**

 

0.0003

0.0568

 Feminization 41-60 percent

-0.0572

0.0256**

 

-0.0060

0.0558

 Feminization 61-80 percent

-0.1826

0.0402***

 

0.0740

0.0659

 Feminization >80 percent

-0.2275

0.0455***

 

0.1269

0.0675*

Ethnic affiliation dummiesh

     

 Ethnic Albanians

-0.0586

0.0364

 

-0.0564

0.0662

 Other minorities

-0.0402

0.0338

 

0.0141

0.0561

Region dummiesi

     

 West Macedonia

-0.1020

0.0232***

 

0.0240

0.0374

 East Macedonia

-0.2383

0.0206***

 

0.0673

0.0321**

 Central Macedonia

-0.1413

0.0219***

 

0.0255

0.0332

Urban area dummy

0.0273

0.0193

 

0.0617

0.0309**

Selection term (LAMBDA)

0.1341

0.0457***

   

R-squared

  

0.3673

  

Adjusted R-squared

  

0.3574

  

F-ratio

  

36.99

  

(N)

  

5,436

  
  1. aThe dependent variable is logarithm of hourly earnings. Wage equation corrected for sample selection.
  2. bStandard error corrected for heteroscedasticity induced by the selection.
  3. cThe omitted category is below primary education.
  4. dThe omitted category is private enterprises with more than 25 workers.
  5. eThe omitted category is agriculture.
  6. fThe omitted category is elementary (unskilled) occupations.
  7. gThe omitted category is feminization of 20 percent or less.
  8. hThe omitted category is ethnic Macedonian.
  9. iThe omitted category is Skopje region.
  10. ***significant at the 1 percent level; **significant at the 5 percent level; *significant at the 10 percent level.