Employment, late-life work, retirement, and well-being in Europe and the United States

IZA Journal of European Labor Studies

Table 3 Employment status, 2009-2012

	All countries	France	Germany	Greece	Italy	Portugal	Spain	Sweden	Turkey	United Kingdom	United States
Employment categories	N = 84,115	N = 5,010	N = 24,383	N = 4,000	N = 5,017	N = 4,003	N = 5,014	N = 4,010	N = 5,000	N = 23,643	N = 4,035
Employed full-time (1 = Yes)	0.334	0.341	0.314	0.249	0.248	0.380	0.336	0.505	0.246	0.356	0.405
	(0.472)	(0.474)	(0.464)	(0.433)	(0.432)	(0.485)	(0.472)	(0.500)	(0.431)	(0.479)	(0.491)
Self-employed (1 = Yes)	0.058	0.040	0.054	0.129	0.082	0.060	0.042	0.031	0.087	0.055	0.042
	(0.235)	(0.195)	(0.226)	(0.335)	(0.274)	(0.237)	(0.200)	(0.174)	(0.282)	(0.227)	(0.200)
Voluntarily part-time (1 = Yes)	0.084	0.046	0.106	0.028	0.088	0.027	0.045	0.061	0.050	0.107	0.076
	(0.277)	(0.208)	(0.307)	(0.165)	(0.284)	(0.163)	(0.208)	(0.240)	(0.218)	(0.309)	(0.265)
Unemployed (1 = Yes)	0.044	0.045	0.027	0.080	0.048	0.048	0.122	0.036	0.049	0.036	0.053
	(0.205)	(0.208)	(0.161)	(0.271)	(0.214)	(0.214)	(0.327)	(0.185)	(0.215)	(0.187)	(0.224)
Involuntarily part-time (1 = Yes)	0.040	0.035	0.035	0.041	0.052	0.025	0.065	0.034	0.026	0.039	0.069
	(0.195)	(0.184)	(0.183)	(0.199)	(0.222)	(0.157)	(0.247)	(0.181)	(0.158)	(0.192)	(0.254)
Out of the labor force (1 = Yes)	0.440	0.493	0.465	0.473	0.482	0.460	0.390	0.332	0.543	0.407	0.354
	(0.496)	(0.500)	(0.499)	(0.499)	(0.500)	(0.498)	(0.488)	(0.471)	(0.498)	(0.491)	(0.478)

Source: Gallup World Poll, 2010–2013.
Notes: Standard deviations in parentheses. Employment data are available starting in 2009. The table shows the proportion of respondents in each employment category.