Employment, late-life work, retirement, and well-being in Europe and the United States

IZA Journal of European Labor Studies

Table 6 Well-being and job satisfaction by employment status, 2009-2012

	BPL	Happy yesterday	Stress yesterday	Anger yesterday	Job satisfaction	Ideal job
Variable Distribution Overall
Obs.	86,673	85,265	85,619	85,630	37,612	37,300
Mean	6.605	0.806	0.328	0.155	0.883	0.735
Std. Dev.	1.976	0.395	0.470	0.362	0.321	0.442
Employment Categories
Employed Full-Time (1 = Yes)
Obs.	28,044	27,904	27,987	27,984	24,656	23,788
Mean	6.813	0.826	0.385	0.160	0.880	0.730
Std. Dev.	1.709	0.380	0.487	0.367	0.325	0.444
Self-Employed (1 = Yes)
Obs.	4,893	4,870	4,895	4,897	4,133	3,950
Mean	6.684	0.806	0.403	0.163	0.897	0.825
Std. Dev.	1.945	0.395	0.491	0.369	0.303	0.380
Voluntarily Employed Part-Time (1 = Yes)
Obs.	7,003	6,993	7,003	7,004	6,194	5,903
Mean	7.085	0.859	0.303	0.133	0.920	0.752
Std. Dev.	1.762	0.348	0.460	0.340	0.271	0.432
Unemployed (1 = Yes)
Obs.	3,688	3,666	3,678	3,683	-	-
Mean	5.524	0.706	0.437	0.249	-	-
Std. Dev.	2.307	0.456	0.496	0.432	-	-
Involuntarily Employed Part-Time (1 = Yes)
Obs.	3,319	3,292	3,306	3,309	2,628	2,554
Mean	6.296	0.807	0.408	0.202	0.801	0.605
Std. Dev.	2.081	0.395	0.491	0.401	0.400	0.489
Out of the Labor Force (1 = Yes)
Obs.	36,652	36,539	36,738	36,740	-	-
Mean	6.453	0.788	0.260	0.140	-	-
Std. Dev.	2.102	0.409	0.439	0.347	-	-

Source: Gallup World Poll, 2010-2013.
Notes: For each well-being variable, the top three rows show the tabulation of the variable for the sample as a whole, while the rest of the table shows tabulations by employment status. Best Possible Life (BPL) measures the respondent's assessment of her current life relative to her best possible life on a scale of 0 to 10, where 0 is the worst possible life, and 10 is the best possible life. Experienced happiness yesterday, experienced stress yesterday, and experienced anger yesterday are binary variables coded as 1 if the respondent experienced this type of affect and 0 otherwise. Job satisfaction is a binary variable coded as 1 if the respondent responded that they are satisfied and 0 otherwise. Ideal Job is a binary variable coded as 1 if the respondent responded that their current job is ideal and 0 otherwise. Only respondents who are employed were asked about job satisfaction and ideal job. Employment data are available starting in 2009. Job satisfaction and ideal job data are available starting in 2010.