From: Employment, late-life work, retirement, and well-being in Europe and the United States
 | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Variables | BPL | BPL | Happy | Happy |
Employment categories (Ref. Group: employed full-time) | ||||
 Self-employed (1 = Yes) | 0.114** | 0.135** | 0.219*** | 0.215** |
 | (0.046) | (0.061) | (0.066) | (0.090) |
 Voluntarily employed part-time (1 = Yes) | 0.270*** | 0.182*** | 0.199*** | 0.046 |
 | (0.046) | (0.063) | (0.072) | (0.105) |
 Unemployed (1 = Yes) | -0.854*** | -0.725*** | -0.387*** | -0.412*** |
 | (0.056) | (0.067) | (0.068) | (0.085) |
 Involuntarily employed part-time (1 = Yes) | -0.383*** | -0.286*** | -0.111 | -0.193** |
 | -0.055 | (0.066) | (0.077) | (0.098) |
 Out of the labor force (1 = Yes) | -0.047 | 0.007 | 0.077* | 0.038 |
 | (0.030) | (0.041) | (0.042) | (0.061) |
Age | -0.063*** | -0.064*** | -0.058*** | -0.056*** |
 | (0.004) | (0.005) | (0.005) | (0.007) |
Age squared | 0.001*** | 0.001*** | 0.000*** | 0.000*** |
 | (0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) |
Employment and age Interactions | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Employed full-time*Age 46 to 65 |  | 0.167*** |  | 0.158** |
 |  | (0.045) |  | (0.070) |
 Employed full-time*Age 66 and older |  | 0.453** |  | 0.891** |
 |  | (0.211) |  | (0.351) |
 Self employed*Age 46 to 65 |  | 0.062 |  | 0.231* |
 |  | (0.092) |  | (0.131) |
 Self employed* Age 66 and older |  | 0.677*** |  | 0.135 |
 |  | (0.237) |  | (0.302) |
 Voluntary part-time*Age 46 to 65 |  | 0.298*** |  | 0.319** |
 |  | (0.097) |  | (0.150) |
 Voluntary part-time*Age 66 and older |  | 0.444*** |  | 1.250*** |
 |  | (0.158) |  | (0.259) |
 Unemployed*Age 46 to 65 |  | -0.240** |  | 0.181 |
 |  | (0.115) |  | (0.139) |
 Unemployed*Age 66 and older |  | 0.550 |  | 1.998** |
 |  | (0.961) |  | (0.907) |
 Involuntary part-time*Age 46 to 65 |  | -0.138 |  | 0.357** |
 |  | (0.122) |  | (0.159) |
 Involuntary part-time*Age 66 and older |  | 0.279 |  | 0.752 |
 |  | (0.284) |  | (0.495) |
 Out of the labor force*Age 46 to 65 |  | 0.067 |  | 0.227** |
 |  | (0.066) |  | (0.091) |
 Out of the labor force*Age 66 and older |  | 0.111 |  | 0.529*** |
 |  | (0.094) |  | (0.124) |
Female (1=Yes) | 0.114*** | 0.113*** | 0.012 | 0.018 |
 | (0.022) | (0.022) | (0.031) | (0.031) |
Married (1=Yes) | 0.248*** | 0.251*** | 0.407*** | 0.411*** |
 | (0.026) | (0.026) | (0.035) | (0.035) |
Some college or college diploma (1=Yes) | 0.393*** | 0.396*** | 0.039 | 0.040 |
 | (0.026) | (0.026) | (0.040) | (0.040) |
Log household income (in ID) | 0.374*** | 0.372*** | 0.203*** | 0.203*** |
 | (0.021) | (0.021) | (0.017) | (0.017) |
Urban area (1=Yes) | -0.046** | -0.045** | -0.001 | 0.001 |
 | (0.022) | (0.022) | (0.031) | (0.031) |
Child in household (1=Yes) | -0.106*** | -0.085*** | 0.056 | 0.080** |
 | (0.026) | (0.027) | (0.038) | (0.040) |
Household size | -0.031*** | -0.034*** | -0.014 | -0.015 |
 | (0.007) | (0.007) | (0.014) | (0.013) |
Religion important (1=Yes) | 0.010 | 0.010 | 0.184*** | 0.183*** |
 | (0.025) | (0.025) | (0.035) | (0.035) |
Country Dummies (Ref. Group: United States) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Turkey | -1.333*** | -1.330*** | -1.319*** | -1.313*** |
 | (0.064) | (0.064) | (0.088) | (0.088) |
 UK | -0.249*** | -0.242*** | 0.018 | 0.026 |
 | (0.062) | (0.063) | (0.105) | (0.105) |
 France | -0.573*** | -0.566*** | -1.019*** | -1.007*** |
 | (0.055) | (0.055) | (0.084) | (0.084) |
 Germany | -0.614*** | -0.605*** | -0.171** | -0.165* |
 | (0.052) | (0.052) | (0.086) | (0.086) |
 Spain | -0.596*** | -0.586*** | -0.607*** | -0.595*** |
 | (0.056) | (0.056) | (0.087) | (0.087) |
 Italy | -0.748*** | -0.740*** | -1.721*** | -1.703*** |
 | (0.064) | (0.064) | (0.092) | (0.092) |
 Sweden | 0.008 | 0.012 | -0.986*** | -0.978*** |
 | (0.053) | (0.053) | (0.084) | (0.084) |
 Greece | -1.252*** | -1.235*** | -2.212*** | -2.202*** |
 | (0.059) | (0.060) | (0.081) | (0.082) |
 Portugal | -1.794*** | -1.786*** | -0.871*** | -0.866*** |
 | (0.061) | (0.061) | (0.090) | (0.090) |
Year Dummies | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Observations | 27,779 | 27,779 | 27,492 | 27,492 |
Pseudo R2 | 0.056 | 0.057 | 0.0961 | 0.0974 |