Skip to main content
IZA Journal of European Labor Studies

Table 2 Characteristics by nationality

From: Eastern partnership migrants in Germany: outcomes, potentials and challenges

 

Demographic and Educational Outcomes

 

Natives

EaP

EU15

EU8

EU2

Other

Age

43.558

40.804

48.131

37.685

34.346

41.402

 

(23.167)

(18.510)

(16.116)

(15.011)

(13.513)

(15.752)

Female

0.517

0.606

0.456

0.644

0.649

0.523

 

(0.500)

(0.489)

(0.498)

(0.479)

(0.478)

(0.500)

Married

0.453

0.577

0.635

0.573

0.519

0.697

 

(0.498)

(0.494)

(0.481)

(0.495)

(0.500)

(0.459)

N. Children

0.898

0.837

0.832

0.849

0.602

1.375

 

(1.098)

(1.009)

(1.053)

(1.004)

(0.888)

(1.416)

Primary Education

0.182

0.245

0.415

0.219

0.238

0.536

 

(0.386)

(0.430)

(0.493)

(0.414)

(0.426)

(0.499)

Secondary Education

0.485

0.307

0.338

0.485

0.455

0.288

 

(0.500)

(0.462)

(0.473)

(0.500)

(0.498)

(0.453)

Tertiary Education

0.186

0.383

0.216

0.226

0.254

0.133

 

(0.389)

(0.486)

(0.412)

(0.418)

(0.436)

(0.339)

In Labor Force

0.506

0.554

0.638

0.667

0.690

0.568

 

(0.500)

(0.497)

(0.481)

(0.471)

(0.463)

(0.495)

Employed

0.468

0.397

0.576

0.585

0.607

0.456

 

(0.499)

(0.490)

(0.494)

(0.493)

(0.489)

(0.498)

Unemployed

0.038

0.157

0.062

0.083

0.083

0.111

 

(0.191)

(0.364)

(0.240)

(0.275)

(0.277)

(0.315)

Self-Employed

0.052

0.035

0.090

0.123

0.078

0.043

 

(0.223)

(0.184)

(0.287)

(0.329)

(0.268)

(0.204)

Observations

576859

1227

8384

3150

732

22072

 

Labor Market Outcomes

Hourly Wage

12.835

12.490

13.677

10.553

10.636

11.302

 

(19.994)

(17.039)

(19.697)

(8.497)

(7.929)

(11.402)

Income

1682

1075

1843

1222

1200

1333

 

(1,411)

(848)

(1,684)

(778)

(828)

(1,084)

Hours Worked/Week

35.867

28.187

36.390

32.605

31.635

32.685

 

(12.655)

(14.445)

(13.911)

(13.969)

(14.061)

(13.743)

Low-skilled Occ.

0.068

0.211

0.130

0.213

0.203

0.227

 

(0.251)

(0.409)

(0.336)

(0.410)

(0.403)

(0.419)

Medium-skilled Occ.

0.469

0.440

0.453

0.502

0.437

0.539

 

(0.499)

(0.497)

(0.498)

(0.500)

(0.497)

(0.499)

High-skilled Occ.

0.449

0.321

0.408

0.266

0.324

0.215

 

(0.497)

(0.468)

(0.492)

(0.442)

(0.469)

(0.411)

Observations

269949

487

4832

1842

444

10073

  1. Source: Own calculations based on the German Microcensus 2009.
  2. Notes: Standard deviations in parenthesis.
  3. Definitions: Individuals with primary education are individuals with ISCED 1-digit codes less than 3, with secondary educations are individuals with 1-digit ISCED codes 3–4 and tertiary education are individuals with 1-digit ISCED codes greater than 4. Individuals in the labor force are employed, unemployed and inactive job seekers. In the table, unemployed individuals include both active and inactive job seekers. Income represents the amount of net income reported in the last month (per household member). Using the ISCO classification system, low-skilled occupations are category 9 occupations, medium-skilled occupations are category 4–8, and high skilled occupations are category 1–3 occupations.
Back to article page