Eastern partnership migrants in Germany: outcomes, potentials and challenges

IZA Journal of European Labor Studies

Table 3 EaP migrants labor market outcomes, in comparison with natives, EU15, EU8, EU2 and other nationals

	Natives	EU15	EU8	EU2	Others
	Employment
EaP	−0.462***	−0.206***	−0.228***	−0.162***	−0.087***
	(0.059)	(0.030)	(0.032)	(0.045)	(0.029)
Female	−0.087***	−0.164***	−0.26***	−0.155***	−0.247***
	(0.001)	(0.010)	(0.017)	(0.039)	(0.007)
Female × EaP	−0.053	0.023	0.117***	0.024	0.106***
	(0.036)	(0.037)	(0.040)	(0.053)	(0.036)
	Self-Employment
EaP	−0.125***	−0.100***	−0.219***	−0.115***	−0.056***
	(0.018)	(0.015)	(0.021)	(0.033)	(0.013)
Female	−0.058***	−0.054***	−0.173***	−0.093***	−0.048***
	(0.001)	(0.008)	(0.016)	(0.031)	(0.004)
Female × EaP	0.069***	0.064***	0.175***	0.098***	0.053***
	(0.016)	(0.018)	(0.023)	(0.036)	(0.016)
	Log-Earnings
EaP	−0.641***	−0.495***	−0.198***	−0.164**	−0.218***
	(0.134)	(0.048)	(0.049)	(0.067)	(0.044)
Female	−0.226***	−0.31***	−0.26***	−0.145**	−0.326***
	(0.002)	(0.019)	(0.030)	(0.056)	(0.014)
Female × EaP	0.162***	0.218***	0.201***	0.073	0.268***
	(0.059)	(0.062)	(0.063)	(0.080)	(0.059)
	Log-Wages
EaP	−0.634***	−0.405***	−0.154***	−0.142**	−0.159***
	(0.138)	(0.049)	(0.051)	(0.066)	(0.047)
Female	−0.128***	−0.155***	−0.082***	−0.029	−0.141***
	(0.002)	(0.017)	(0.026)	(0.056)	(0.012)
Female × EaP	0.186***	0.204***	0.145**	0.076	0.199***
	(0.065)	(0.067)	(0.070)	(0.086)	(0.066)

Source: Own calculations based on the German Microcensus 2009.
Notes: Employment and Self-Employment models report estimate from linear probability models. Differences in various labor market outcomes of EaP nationals versus natives, EU migrants and other immigrants. *** pvalue < 0.01; ** pvalue < 0.05; * pvalue < 0.1. The regression analysis is carried conditioning on the following variables: Age: dummy variables for age categories in five-year intervals; Education: dummy variables for secondary and tertiary education; Married: dummy variable for being married; State: dummy variables for state of residence; N. Children: Number of children in the family; Female: dummy variable for being a female; and Years Since Migration: years since entrance into the country. In the Log-Earnings regressions, hours worked in reference week were also added. Variable definitions are shown in the footnote of Table 2.