From: Publicizing the results of standardized external tests: does it have an effect on school outcomes?
Treatment group before change - School Madrid in PISA exam 2000 | Control group before change - School NO Madrid in PISA exam 2000 | Treatment group after change - School Madrid in PISA exam 2009 | Control group after change - School NO Madrid in PISA exam 2009 | |||||||||||||
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Variable | Mean | Std. Dev. | Min | Max | Mean | Std. Dev. | Min | Max | Mean | Std. Dev. | Min | Max | Mean | Std. Dev. | Min | Max |
Subjects - Plausible values | ||||||||||||||||
Reading - PV1 | 510.16 | 79.75 | 245.12 | 697.46 | 491.56 | 84.70 | 150.64 | 777.08 | 504.38 | 85.14 | 74.61 | 721.54 | 483.75 | 89.49 | 6.65 | 814.71 |
Reading - PV2 | 509.94 | 82.20 | 204.02 | 711.64 | 491.47 | 84.37 | 151.55 | 756.66 | 504.39 | 85.52 | 91.12 | 822.19 | 483.82 | 89.90 | 60.42 | 824.33 |
Reading - PV3 | 510.29 | 81.44 | 237.66 | 716.00 | 491.89 | 84.88 | 157.91 | 768.72 | 503.43 | 83.68 | 60.18 | 733.45 | 483.84 | 89.65 | 19.36 | 814.71 |
Reading - PV4 | 508.55 | 81.72 | 229.34 | 710.26 | 491.36 | 84.87 | 117.01 | 751.45 | 503.58 | 85.14 | 80.22 | 702.07 | 483.67 | 90.16 | 29.15 | 877.24 |
Reading - PV5 | 508.86 | 81.96 | 176.62 | 709.59 | 491.23 | 85.21 | 112.65 | 782.35 | 504.67 | 84.54 | 124.31 | 729.32 | 483.96 | 89.75 | 64.42 | 904.50 |
Individual characteristics | ||||||||||||||||
Female | 0.51 | 0.50 | 0 | 1 | 0.51 | 0.50 | 0 | 1 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0 | 1 | 0.49 | 0.50 | 0 | 1 |
Age | 15.80 | 0.28 | 15.33 | 16.25 | 15.79 | 0.28 | 15.33 | 16.25 | 15.87 | 0.28 | 15.33 | 16.33 | 15.86 | 0.29 | 15.33 | 16.33 |
Immigrant | 0.03 | 0.18 | 0 | 1 | 0.02 | 0.15 | 0 | 1 | 0.16 | 0.37 | 0 | 1 | 0.09 | 0.28 | 0 | 1 |
Mother immigrant | 0.07 | 0.25 | 0 | 1 | 0.04 | 0.19 | 0 | 1 | 0.21 | 0.41 | 0 | 1 | 0.12 | 0.33 | 0 | 1 |
Father immigrant | 0.05 | 0.22 | 0 | 1 | 0.03 | 0.18 | 0 | 1 | 0.20 | 0.40 | 0 | 1 | 0.11 | 0.31 | 0 | 1 |
Languages other than Spanish spoken at home | 0.01 | 0.09 | 0 | 1 | 0.17 | 0.37 | 0 | 1 | 0.05 | 0.22 | 0 | 1 | 0.16 | 0.37 | 0 | 1 |
Single parent family | 0.17 | 0.37 | 0 | 1 | 0.17 | 0.37 | 0 | 1 | 0.16 | 0.37 | 0 | 1 | 0.13 | 0.34 | 0 | 1 |
Nuclear family | 0.79 | 0.41 | 0 | 1 | 0.79 | 0.41 | 0 | 1 | 0.83 | 0.38 | 0 | 1 | 0.85 | 0.35 | 0 | 1 |
Mixed family | 0.04 | 0.21 | 0 | 1 | 0.05 | 0.21 | 0 | 1 | 0.01 | 0.09 | 0 | 1 | 0.01 | 0.11 | 0 | 1 |
Learning time (hours/week) in Language | 3.30 | 0.74 | 0.00 | 4.58 | 3.04 | 0.74 | 0.00 | 4.33 | 3.66 | 0.68 | 1.67 | 9.00 | 3.37 | 0.70 | 0.00 | 9.00 |
ESCS (Index of Economic, Social and Cultural Status) | −0.16 | 1.01 | −2.79 | 2.13 | −0.40 | 1.05 | −4.05 | 2.21 | −0.09 | 1.05 | −3.40 | 2.85 | −0.26 | 1.05 | −5.34 | 3.41 |
ESCS squared | 1.05 | 1.14 | 0.00 | 7.80 | 1.26 | 1.42 | 0.00 | 16.42 | 1.11 | 1.30 | 0.00 | 11.57 | 1.18 | 1.44 | 0.00 | 28.54 |
School characteristics | ||||||||||||||||
Public school | 0.56 | 0.50 | 0 | 1 | 0.63 | 0.48 | 0 | 1 | 0.60 | 0.49 | 0 | 1 | 0.63 | 0.48 | 0 | 1 |
Private school | 0.16 | 0.36 | 0 | 1 | 0.08 | 0.27 | 0 | 1 | 0.08 | 0.27 | 0 | 1 | 0.03 | 0.18 | 0 | 1 |
Charter school | 0.28 | 0.45 | 0 | 1 | 0.29 | 0.46 | 0 | 1 | 0.32 | 0.47 | 0 | 1 | 0.34 | 0.47 | 0 | 1 |
School in village | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0.02 | 0.15 | 0 | 1 | 0.02 | 0.14 | 0 | 1 | 0.06 | 0.24 | 0 | 1 |
School in small town | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0.24 | 0.42 | 0 | 1 | 0.11 | 0.32 | 0 | 1 | 0.26 | 0.44 | 0 | 1 |
School in town | 0.18 | 0.38 | 0 | 1 | 0.34 | 0.47 | 0 | 1 | 0.27 | 0.44 | 0 | 1 | 0.35 | 0.48 | 0 | 1 |
School in city | 0.36 | 0.48 | 0 | 1 | 0.36 | 0.48 | 0 | 1 | 0.16 | 0.36 | 0 | 1 | 0.32 | 0.47 | 0 | 1 |
School in large city | 0.47 | 0.50 | 0 | 1 | 0.04 | 0.21 | 0 | 1 | 0.44 | 0.50 | 0 | 1 | 0.01 | 0.12 | 0 | 1 |
Student/teacher ratio | 16.93 | 4.39 | 10.90 | 26.80 | 14.15 | 4.66 | 5.66 | 27.60 | 12.76 | 4.23 | 1.18 | 20.27 | 11.29 | 4.69 | 0.82 | 39.88 |
School size | 1,048.43 | 493.49 | 335.00 | 2,139.00 | 725.64 | 345.15 | 93.00 | 1,742.00 | 851.82 | 416.07 | 100.00 | 2,268.00 | 685.72 | 392.01 | 44.00 | 2,785.00 |
Assessments used to compare the school to district/national performance | 0.32 | 0.47 | 0 | 1 | 0.18 | 0.39 | 0 | 1 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0 | 1 | 0.28 | 0.45 | 0 | 1 |
Assessments used to make judgments about teacher’s effectiveness | 0.47 | 0.50 | 0 | 1 | 0.40 | 0.49 | 0 | 1 | 0.62 | 0.48 | 0 | 1 | 0.45 | 0.50 | 0 | 1 |
No. of observations - schools | 20 | 165 | 51 | 838 | ||||||||||||
No. of observations - students | 679 | 5535 | 1453 | 24434 |