From: Publicizing the results of standardized external tests: does it have an effect on school outcomes?
Treatment group before change - School Madrid in PISA exam 2003 | Control group before change - School NO Madrid in PISA exam 2003 | Treatment group after change - School Madrid in PISA exam 2012 | Control group after change - School NO Madrid in PISA exam 2012 | |||||||||||||
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Variable | Mean | Std. dev. | Min | Max | Mean | Std. dev. | Min | Max | Mean | Std. dev. | Min | Max | Mean | Std. dev. | Min | Max |
Subjects - Plausible values | ||||||||||||||||
Mathematics - PV1 | 493.98 | 92.37 | 238.46 | 706.68 | 495.25 | 85.81 | 122.01 | 807.17 | 505.28 | 85.22 | 212.19 | 752.38 | 494.72 | 88.61 | 98.23 | 811.82 |
Mathematics - PV2 | 492.34 | 91.10 | 197.49 | 701.70 | 495.11 | 86.17 | 56.27 | 788.63 | 506.72 | 86.36 | 235.56 | 732.44 | 494.91 | 88.77 | 145.12 | 815.71 |
Mathematics - PV3 | 494.73 | 87.87 | 216.34 | 694.69 | 494.23 | 85.59 | 137.67 | 793.61 | 506.62 | 85.74 | 237.51 | 818.83 | 494.88 | 88.47 | 139.52 | 821.94 |
Mathematics - PV4 | 495.29 | 90.48 | 229.35 | 731.61 | 495.14 | 85.91 | 117.34 | 770.01 | 505.09 | 85.69 | 208.22 | 753.40 | 494.61 | 88.57 | 138.81 | 792.42 |
Mathematics - PV5 | 491.91 | 92.66 | 202.94 | 723.35 | 494.47 | 85.62 | 143.82 | 777.49 | 504.92 | 85.95 | 207.36 | 754.18 | 494.74 | 88.63 | 128.61 | 829.65 |
Individual characteristics | ||||||||||||||||
Female | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0 | 1 | 0.51 | 0.50 | 0 | 1 | 0.49 | 0.50 | 0 | 1 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0 | 1 |
Age | 15.85 | 0.29 | 15.25 | 16.33 | 15.86 | 0.29 | 15.25 | 16.42 | 15.86 | 0.29 | 15.33 | 16.33 | 15.87 | 0.29 | 15.33 | 16.33 |
Immigrant | 0.07 | 0.25 | 0 | 1 | 0.03 | 0.17 | 0 | 1 | 0.16 | 0.36 | 0 | 1 | 0.11 | 0.31 | 0 | 1 |
Mother immigrant | 0.12 | 0.33 | 0 | 1 | 0.04 | 0.20 | 0 | 1 | 0.21 | 0.41 | 0 | 1 | 0.13 | 0.34 | 0 | 1 |
Father immigrant | 0.09 | 0.29 | 0 | 1 | 0.04 | 0.19 | 0 | 1 | 0.19 | 0.39 | 0 | 1 | 0.12 | 0.32 | 0 | 1 |
Language other than Spanish spoken at home | 0.04 | 0.19 | 0 | 1 | 0.14 | 0.35 | 0 | 1 | 0.05 | 0.22 | 0 | 1 | 0.15 | 0.36 | 0 | 1 |
Single parent family | 0.18 | 0.38 | 0 | 1 | 0.13 | 0.33 | 0 | 1 | 0.11 | 0.31 | 0 | 1 | 0.10 | 0.30 | 0 | 1 |
Nuclear family | 0.79 | 0.41 | 0 | 1 | 0.83 | 0.38 | 0 | 1 | 0.89 | 0.32 | 0 | 1 | 0.90 | 0.31 | 0 | 1 |
Other family | 0.04 | 0.18 | 0 | 1 | 0.05 | 0.21 | 0 | 1 | 0.00 | 0.05 | 0 | 1 | 0.01 | 0.08 | 0 | 1 |
Learning time (hours/week) in mathematics | 3.05 | 0.60 | 0.92 | 7.33 | 2.97 | 0.73 | 0.00 | 15.00 | 3.56 | 1.02 | 2.25 | 14.00 | 3.46 | 0.66 | 2.25 | 16.00 |
ESCS (Index of Economic, Social and Cultural Status) | −0.12 | 0.97 | −3.74 | 2.10 | −0.20 | 0.98 | −3.40 | 2.39 | 0.12 | 1.01 | −2.77 | 2.55 | −0.13 | 1.00 | −5.30 | 2.73 |
ESCS squared | 0.94 | 1.38 | 0.00 | 13.96 | 1.00 | 1.28 | 0.00 | 11.55 | 1.03 | 1.14 | 0.00 | 7.67 | 1.02 | 1.17 | 0.00 | 28.09 |
School characteristics | ||||||||||||||||
Public school | 0.54 | 0.50 | 0 | 1 | 0.55 | 0.50 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 0.60 | 0.49 | 0 | 1 | 0.64 | 0.48 | 0 | 1 |
Private school | 0.07 | 0.26 | 0 | 1 | 0.06 | 0.24 | 0 | 1 | 0.24 | 0.43 | 0 | 1 | 0.04 | 0.19 | 0 | 1 |
Charter school | 0.39 | 0.49 | 0 | 1 | 0.39 | 0.49 | 0 | 1 | 0.16 | 0.37 | 0 | 1 | 0.33 | 0.47 | 0 | 1 |
School in village | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0.05 | 0.22 | 0 | 1 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0.06 | 0.23 | 0 | 1 |
School in small town | 0.05 | 0.23 | 0 | 1 | 0.24 | 0.43 | 0 | 1 | 0.12 | 0.32 | 0 | 1 | 0.28 | 0.45 | 0 | 1 |
School in town | 0.23 | 0.42 | 0 | 1 | 0.33 | 0.47 | 0 | 1 | 0.30 | 0.46 | 0 | 1 | 0.31 | 0.46 | 0 | 1 |
School in city | 0.13 | 0.33 | 0 | 1 | 0.36 | 0.48 | 0 | 1 | 0.25 | 0.43 | 0 | 1 | 0.34 | 0.47 | 0 | 1 |
School in large city | 0.59 | 0.49 | 0 | 1 | 0.02 | 0.15 | 0 | 1 | 0.33 | 0.47 | 0 | 1 | 0.01 | 0.12 | 0 | 1 |
Student/teacher ratio | 15.61 | 5.48 | 9.44 | 24.36 | 13.23 | 5.31 | 1.38 | 44.30 | 13.58 | 2.66 | 7.97 | 20.46 | 11.68 | 5.45 | 1.11 | 82.56 |
School size | 880.37 | 401.45 | 389 | 1951 | 710.70 | 432.90 | 95 | 2819 | 861.37 | 433.83 | 161 | 2122 | 700.25 | 422.42 | 28 | 4128 |
Assessments used to compare the school to district/national performance | 0.12 | 0.33 | 0 | 1 | 0.26 | 0.44 | 0 | 1 | 0.82 | 0.39 | 0 | 1 | 0.40 | 0.49 | 0 | 1 |
Assessments used to make judgements about teacher’s effectiveness | 0.24 | 0.42 | 0 | 1 | 0.40 | 0.49 | 0 | 1 | 0.62 | 0.49 | 0 | 1 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0 | 1 |
No. of observations - schools | 18 | 365 | 51 | 851 | ||||||||||||
No. of observations - students | 511 | 10280 | 1542 | 23771 |