From: Gender and occupational wage gaps in Romania: from planned equality to market inequality?
1960-89 | 1994 | 1996 | 1998 | 2000 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Men | Women | Men | Women | Men | Women | Men | Women | Men | Women | |
Wage# | 1371.11 | 1166.76 | 142.55 | 114.49 | 308.72 | 243.06 | 911.77 | 742.17 | 2062.32 | 1651.0 |
Age | 28.20 | 26.90 | 38.89 | 38.07 | 38.83 | 38.00 | 39.37 | 38.70 | 39.62 | 38.62 |
Education | ||||||||||
Lower education | 0.77 | 0.72 | 0.59 | 0.50 | 0.64 | 0.52 | 0.62 | 0.49 | 0.58 | 0.47 |
Medium education | 0.17 | 0.23 | 0.28 | 0.35 | 0.25 | 0.35 | 0.25 | 0.36 | 0.28 | 0.37 |
Higher education | 0.06 | 0.05 | 0.13 | 0.15 | 0.11 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.16 |
Region | ||||||||||
R1: North-East | 0.22 | 0.22 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.14 | 0.13 | 0.14 | 0.13 | 0.14 |
R2: South-East | 0.11 | 0.11 | 0.12 | 0.11 | 0.11 | 0.11 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.11 | 0.11 |
R3: South | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.13 | 0.16 | 0.14 | 0.16 | 0.13 | 0.15 | 0.13 |
R4: South-West | 0.10 | 0.11 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.11 | 0.10 | 0.11 | 0.10 | 0.12 | 0.11 |
R5: West | 0.09 | 0.10 | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.10 | 0.09 | 0.10 |
R6: North-West | 0.13 | 0.11 | 0.14 | 0.14 | 0.14 | 0.14 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.16 |
R7: Center | 0.14 | 0.13 | 0.14 | 0.14 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.14 | 0.15 | 0.13 | 0.14 |
R8: Bucharest | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.13 | 0.15 | 0.11 | 0.12 | 0.10 | 0.12 | 0.11 | 0.12 |
Married | 0.82 | 0.76 | 0.80 | 0.76 | 0.79 | 0.74 | 0.78 | 0.74 | 0.77 | 0.72 |
Urban | 0.52 | 0.57 | 0.65 | 0.79 | 0.62 | 0.74 | 0.66 | 0.77 | 0.68 | 0.77 |
Ethnicity | ||||||||||
Romanian | 0.87 | 0.89 | 0.91 | 0.92 | 0.91 | 0.91 | 0.91 | 0.91 | 0.91 | 0.91 |
Hungarian | 0.10 | 0.09 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.08 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.08 | 0.08 |
Other | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.01 |
Sector | ||||||||||
Agriculture | 0.08 | 0.04 | 0.07 | 0.04 | 0.07 | 0.03 | 0.05 | 0.02 | ||
Industry | 0.51 | 0.41 | 0.52 | 0.40 | 0.49 | 0.38 | 0.48 | 0.38 | ||
Services | 0.42 | 0.55 | 0.41 | 0.56 | 0.44 | 0.59 | 0.47 | 0.60 | ||
Ownership | ||||||||||
State | 0.81 | 0.69 | 0.88 | 0.83 | 0.77 | 0.71 | 0.62 | 0.59 | 0.40 | 0.37 |
Private | 0.08 | 0.07 | 0.10 | 0.12 | 0.17 | 0.23 | 0.26 | 0.30 | 0.43 | 0.45 |
Other | 0.10 | 0.23 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.02 |
Household members | 3.49 | 3.35 | 3.81 | 3.62 | 3.78 | 3.60 | 3.71 | 3.53 | 3.63 | 3.48 |
Multi-generation household | 0.13 | 0.08 | 0.22 | 0.16 | 0.24 | 0.19 | 0.24 | 0.19 | 0.24 | 0.20 |
Children <18 | 0.84 | 0.87 | 1.13 | 1.06 | 1.05 | 0.98 | 0.96 | 0.87 | 0.87 | 0.81 |
n | 4934 | 4371 | 10671 | 8057 | 10202 | 7963 | 9097 | 7655 | 7224 | 6338 |