From: Gender and occupational wage gaps in Romania: from planned equality to market inequality?
1960-89 | 1994 | 1996 | 1998 | 2000 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Men | Women | Men | Women | Men | Women | Men | Women | Men | Women | |
Wage# | 1462.96 | 1388.34 | 141.99 | 127.22 | 311.25 | 276.84 | 926.18 | 841.49 | 2186.27 | 1885.4 |
Age | 29.80 | 25.90 | 40.82 | 38.37 | 39.90 | 38.64 | 39.94 | 38.86 | 40.27 | 39.86 |
Education | ||||||||||
Lower education | 0.43 | 0.27 | 0.37 | 0.19 | 0.21 | 0.13 | 0.20 | 0.13 | 0.19 | 0.15 |
Medium education | 0.49 | 0.69 | 0.56 | 0.78 | 0.71 | 0.82 | 0.74 | 0.83 | 0.68 | 0.79 |
Higher education | 0.09 | 0.04 | 0.07 | 0.03 | 0.08 | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.04 | 0.14 | 0.06 |
Region | ||||||||||
R1: North-East | 0.17 | 0.13 | 0.16 | 0.12 | 0.14 | 0.11 | 0.15 | 0.11 | 0.13 | 0.12 |
R2: South-East | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.12 | 0.14 | 0.12 | 0.12 |
R3: South | 0.15 | 0.14 | 0.19 | 0.15 | 0.12 | 0.14 | 0.12 | 0.14 | 0.14 | 0.15 |
R4: South-West | 0.12 | 0.09 | 0.12 | 0.10 | 0.13 | 0.09 | 0.13 | 0.09 | 0.10 | 0.09 |
R5: West | 0.13 | 0.11 | 0.08 | 0.11 | 0.10 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.15 | 0.11 |
R6: North-West | 0.11 | 0.11 | 0.12 | 0.13 | 0.14 | 0.14 | 0.17 | 0.15 | 0.14 | 0.15 |
R7: Center | 0.10 | 0.15 | 0.08 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.13 | 0.11 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.14 |
R8: Bucharest | 0.09 | 0.14 | 0.13 | 0.14 | 0.12 | 0.14 | 0.09 | 0.12 | 0.09 | 0.11 |
Married | 0.83 | 0.74 | 0.80 | 0.77 | 0.81 | 0.77 | 0.81 | 0.76 | 0.80 | 0.77 |
Urban | 0.65 | 0.79 | 0.65 | 0.80 | 0.63 | 0.77 | 0.63 | 0.77 | 0.70 | 0.80 |
Ethnicity | ||||||||||
Romanian | 0.91 | 0.90 | 0.94 | 0.93 | 0.94 | 0.93 | 0.93 | 0.92 | 0.94 | 0.91 |
Hungarian | 0.07 | 0.09 | 0.04 | 0.06 | 0.04 | 0.06 | 0.04 | 0.07 | 0.06 | 0.08 |
Other | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 |
Sector | ||||||||||
Agriculture | 0.10 | 0.05 | 0.08 | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.04 | ||
Industry | 0.21 | 0.27 | 0.19 | 0.25 | 0.19 | 0.24 | 0.16 | 0.22 | ||
Services | 0.69 | 0.68 | 0.73 | 0.71 | 0.76 | 0.70 | 0.79 | 0.73 | ||
Ownership | ||||||||||
State | 0.83 | 0.81 | 0.87 | 0.86 | 0.81 | 0.77 | 0.69 | 0.68 | 0.50 | 0.47 |
Private | 0.10 | 0.11 | 0.09 | 0.10 | 0.14 | 0.17 | 0.23 | 0.23 | 0.32 | 0.33 |
Other | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.01 |
Household members | 3.25 | 3.13 | 3.56 | 3.37 | 3.46 | 3.35 | 3.35 | 3.33 | 3.46 | 3.31 |
Multi-generation household | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.20 | 0.16 | 0.20 | 0.18 | 0.20 | 0.17 | 0.20 | 0.16 |
Children <18 | 0.63 | 0.67 | 0.90 | 0.83 | 0.87 | 0.78 | 0.75 | 0.75 | 0.78 | 0.72 |
n | 162 | 439 | 418 | 1491 | 391 | 1357 | 283 | 1157 | 309 | 1063 |