Variable | 2002 | 2004 | 2006 | 2008 | 2010 | 2012 | Total | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
mean | sd | mean | sd | mean | sd | mean | sd | mean | sd | mean | sd | mean | sd | |
in favour of redistribution | 3.74 | 1.06 | 3.79 | 1.06 | 3.83 | 1.05 | 3.84 | 1.04 | 3.92 | 1.04 | 3.90 | 1.03 | 3.84 | 1.05 |
gini net incomes | 28.24 | 4.05 | 28.98 | 5.08 | 28.55 | 4.07 | 30.12 | 5.06 | 29.69 | 4.69 | 29.53 | 4.58 | 29.26 | 4.69 |
gini market incomes | 41.70 | 4.12 | 41.87 | 4.57 | 42.12 | 5.21 | 42.44 | 5.49 | 42.15 | 5.63 | 43.01 | 5.13 | 42.24 | 5.11 |
top 1% income share | 8.26 | 2.30 | 8.09 | 2.10 | 8.70 | 3.03 | 8.89 | 2.64 | 8.56 | 2.45 | 8.55 | 2.27 | 8.53 | 2.50 |
log gdp pc | 10.22 | 0.34 | 10.12 | 0.50 | 10.14 | 0.47 | 10.11 | 0.44 | 10.09 | 0.42 | 10.19 | 0.34 | 10.14 | 0.43 |
social protection expend. | 17.14 | 3.62 | 17.08 | 4.09 | 17.04 | 3.97 | 15.32 | 4.01 | 18.04 | 3.60 | 17.45 | 3.80 | 16.97 | 3.96 |
left-right political scale | 5.12 | 2.17 | 5.16 | 2.18 | 5.08 | 2.16 | 5.19 | 2.25 | 5.18 | 2.17 | 5.17 | 2.22 | 5.16 | 2.20 |
male | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.48 | 0.50 | 0.49 | 0.50 | 0.48 | 0.50 | 0.48 | 0.50 | 0.48 | 0.50 | 0.48 | 0.50 |
living with partner | 0.65 | 0.48 | 0.64 | 0.48 | 0.65 | 0.48 | 0.64 | 0.48 | 0.63 | 0.48 | 0.63 | 0.48 | 0.64 | 0.48 |
age | 45.50 | 17.47 | 45.62 | 17.67 | 46.55 | 17.86 | 46.58 | 17.81 | 47.63 | 18.10 | 48.10 | 18.05 | 46.71 | 17.87 |
isced: 1 | 0.13 | 0.33 | 0.15 | 0.36 | 0.11 | 0.32 | 0.11 | 0.32 | 0.11 | 0.31 | 0.09 | 0.29 | 0.12 | 0.32 |
isced: 2 | 0.22 | 0.41 | 0.19 | 0.39 | 0.18 | 0.39 | 0.17 | 0.37 | 0.14 | 0.35 | 0.15 | 0.36 | 0.17 | 0.38 |
isced: 3 | 0.40 | 0.49 | 0.40 | 0.49 | 0.39 | 0.49 | 0.40 | 0.49 | 0.40 | 0.49 | 0.39 | 0.49 | 0.40 | 0.49 |
isced: 4 | 0.02 | 0.13 | 0.02 | 0.16 | 0.03 | 0.17 | 0.03 | 0.16 | 0.05 | 0.22 | 0.05 | 0.22 | 0.03 | 0.18 |
isced: 5 | 0.23 | 0.42 | 0.23 | 0.42 | 0.28 | 0.45 | 0.29 | 0.45 | 0.30 | 0.46 | 0.31 | 0.46 | 0.28 | 0.45 |
isced: other | 0.00 | 0.04 | 0.00 | 0.06 | 0.00 | 0.03 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.04 | 0.00 | 0.05 | 0.00 | 0.04 |
income: living comfortably | 0.35 | 0.48 | 0.31 | 0.46 | 0.32 | 0.47 | 0.27 | 0.44 | 0.27 | 0.44 | 0.28 | 0.45 | 0.30 | 0.46 |
income: coping on | 0.46 | 0.50 | 0.45 | 0.50 | 0.45 | 0.50 | 0.45 | 0.50 | 0.44 | 0.50 | 0.45 | 0.50 | 0.45 | 0.50 |
income: difficult on | 0.15 | 0.36 | 0.18 | 0.38 | 0.17 | 0.37 | 0.21 | 0.40 | 0.20 | 0.40 | 0.19 | 0.39 | 0.19 | 0.39 |
income: very difficult on | 0.04 | 0.20 | 0.06 | 0.24 | 0.06 | 0.23 | 0.07 | 0.26 | 0.09 | 0.28 | 0.08 | 0.26 | 0.07 | 0.25 |
ethnic | 0.04 | 0.19 | 0.04 | 0.20 | 0.05 | 0.22 | 0.06 | 0.25 | 0.06 | 0.24 | 0.06 | 0.24 | 0.05 | 0.22 |
religious | 4.94 | 2.90 | 4.91 | 2.93 | 4.72 | 2.90 | 4.80 | 2.96 | 4.64 | 2.94 | 4.57 | 3.01 | 4.76 | 2.95 |
retired | 0.20 | 0.40 | 0.22 | 0.41 | 0.23 | 0.42 | 0.22 | 0.42 | 0.25 | 0.43 | 0.24 | 0.42 | 0.23 | 0.42 |
unemployed | 0.05 | 0.23 | 0.06 | 0.24 | 0.05 | 0.22 | 0.06 | 0.24 | 0.08 | 0.27 | 0.07 | 0.26 | 0.06 | 0.24 |
No. of observations | 33704 | 37709 | 34473 | 48531 | 41687 | 39738 | 235842 | |||||||
No. of countries | 21 | 25 | 23 | 31 | 27 | 25 | 34 |