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Table 5 Fixed effects estimates for preferences for redistribution

From: Preferences for redistribution in Europe

Variables

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

gini net

0.0097***

   
 

(0.0036)

   

gini market

 

0.0060**

  
  

(0.0023)

  

top 1% income share

  

0.0082**

 
   

(0.0037)

 

social protection expenditures

   

−0.0111**

    

(0.0047)

log GDP pc

0.1328

0.1365

0.0979

 
 

(0.0892)

(0.0899)

(0.0952)

 

left-right political scale

−0.0849***

−0.0818***

−0.0802***

−0.0796***

 

(0.0131)

(0.0129)

(0.0128)

(0.0150)

living with partner

0.0815*

0.0766*

0.0755*

0.0666

 

(0.0430)

(0.0425)

(0.0429)

(0.0456)

age

−0.0325***

−0.0301**

−0.0262**

−0.0266**

 

(0.0123)

(0.0121)

(0.0121)

(0.0123)

education: isced 2

0.0311

0.0166

0.0154

0.0581

 

(0.0905)

(0.0897)

(0.0904)

(0.0962)

education: isced 3

−0.0184

−0.0216

−0.0083

0.0119

 

(0.0865)

(0.0860)

(0.0865)

(0.0861)

education: isced 4

0.4296***

0.3687***

0.3832***

0.4711***

 

(0.1313)

(0.1350)

(0.1322)

(0.1325)

education: isced 5

−0.1646*

−0.1643*

−0.1591*

−0.2009**

 

(0.0865)

(0.0866)

(0.0871)

(0.0891)

education: isced 6

0.4762

0.4484

0.5150

0.5370

 

(0.4879)

(0.4876)

(0.4893)

(0.5023)

income nowadays: living comfortably

−0.2756**

−0.2668**

−0.2710**

−0.3555***

 

(0.1169)

(0.1185)

(0.1180)

(0.1253)

income nowadays: coping on

−0.0707

−0.0817

−0.0736

−0.1187

 

(0.1169)

(0.1196)

(0.1187)

(0.1281)

income nowadays: difficult on

−0.0138

−0.0183

−0.0317

−0.1166

 

(0.1300)

(0.1321)

(0.1326)

(0.1461)

ethnic

−0.0471

−0.0359

−0.0256

−0.0507

 

(0.1045)

(0.1046)

(0.1047)

(0.1275)

religious

0.0251**

0.0279**

0.0260**

0.0165

 

(0.0109)

(0.0110)

(0.0109)

(0.0111)

retired

0.0711

0.0698

0.0658

0.0464

 

(0.0480)

(0.0472)

(0.0480)

(0.0509)

unemployed

−0.0586

−0.0842

−0.0832

0.0458

 

(0.1072)

(0.1090)

(0.1095)

(0.1159)

constant

4.0381***

3.9139***

4.3020***

5.6258***

 

(1.0176)

(1.0120)

(1.0485)

(0.5989)

Pseudo panels

2657

2657

2657

2348

Adjusted R 2

0.180

0.180

0.179

0.161

  1. ***p < 0.01, **p < 0.05, *p < 0.1. Standard errors (in parenthesis) are robust and clustered by country and cohort. Each regression includes year dummies. The reference variable for income and education is “income nowadays: very difficult on” and “isced 1”.