Variables | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) |
---|---|---|---|---|
gini net | 0.0097*** | |||
(0.0036) | ||||
gini market | 0.0060** | |||
(0.0023) | ||||
top 1% income share | 0.0082** | |||
(0.0037) | ||||
social protection expenditures | −0.0111** | |||
(0.0047) | ||||
log GDP pc | 0.1328 | 0.1365 | 0.0979 | |
(0.0892) | (0.0899) | (0.0952) | ||
left-right political scale | −0.0849*** | −0.0818*** | −0.0802*** | −0.0796*** |
(0.0131) | (0.0129) | (0.0128) | (0.0150) | |
living with partner | 0.0815* | 0.0766* | 0.0755* | 0.0666 |
(0.0430) | (0.0425) | (0.0429) | (0.0456) | |
age | −0.0325*** | −0.0301** | −0.0262** | −0.0266** |
(0.0123) | (0.0121) | (0.0121) | (0.0123) | |
education: isced 2 | 0.0311 | 0.0166 | 0.0154 | 0.0581 |
(0.0905) | (0.0897) | (0.0904) | (0.0962) | |
education: isced 3 | −0.0184 | −0.0216 | −0.0083 | 0.0119 |
(0.0865) | (0.0860) | (0.0865) | (0.0861) | |
education: isced 4 | 0.4296*** | 0.3687*** | 0.3832*** | 0.4711*** |
(0.1313) | (0.1350) | (0.1322) | (0.1325) | |
education: isced 5 | −0.1646* | −0.1643* | −0.1591* | −0.2009** |
(0.0865) | (0.0866) | (0.0871) | (0.0891) | |
education: isced 6 | 0.4762 | 0.4484 | 0.5150 | 0.5370 |
(0.4879) | (0.4876) | (0.4893) | (0.5023) | |
income nowadays: living comfortably | −0.2756** | −0.2668** | −0.2710** | −0.3555*** |
(0.1169) | (0.1185) | (0.1180) | (0.1253) | |
income nowadays: coping on | −0.0707 | −0.0817 | −0.0736 | −0.1187 |
(0.1169) | (0.1196) | (0.1187) | (0.1281) | |
income nowadays: difficult on | −0.0138 | −0.0183 | −0.0317 | −0.1166 |
(0.1300) | (0.1321) | (0.1326) | (0.1461) | |
ethnic | −0.0471 | −0.0359 | −0.0256 | −0.0507 |
(0.1045) | (0.1046) | (0.1047) | (0.1275) | |
religious | 0.0251** | 0.0279** | 0.0260** | 0.0165 |
(0.0109) | (0.0110) | (0.0109) | (0.0111) | |
retired | 0.0711 | 0.0698 | 0.0658 | 0.0464 |
(0.0480) | (0.0472) | (0.0480) | (0.0509) | |
unemployed | −0.0586 | −0.0842 | −0.0832 | 0.0458 |
(0.1072) | (0.1090) | (0.1095) | (0.1159) | |
constant | 4.0381*** | 3.9139*** | 4.3020*** | 5.6258*** |
(1.0176) | (1.0120) | (1.0485) | (0.5989) | |
Pseudo panels | 2657 | 2657 | 2657 | 2348 |
Adjusted R 2 | 0.180 | 0.180 | 0.179 | 0.161 |