From: Scars of early non-employment for low educated youth: evidence and policy lessons from Belgium
Panel A: Effect of early non-employment in the structural equation: | |||||
OLS | 2SLS | ||||
Standard errors a | Robust | Cluster g∗p | Robust | Cluster g∗p | |
Outcomes: | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | |
Salaried empl. | coeff | –0.00169*** | –0.00169*** | –0.00256 | –0.00256 |
se | (0.00034) | (0.00041) | (0.00375) | (0.00290) | |
P-val | 0.00019 | 0.38202 | |||
Bootstrap P-val b | 0 | 0.45646 | |||
Exogeneity test P-val c | 0.767 | ||||
Self-empl. | coeff | 0.00054* | 0.00054 | 0.00248 | 0.00248 |
se | (0.00030) | (0.00041) | (0.00338) | (0.00258) | |
P-val | 0.19177 | 0.34175 | |||
Bootstrap P-val | 0.18619 | 0.37437 | |||
Exogeneity test P-val | 0.438 | ||||
Overall empl. | coeff | –0.00115*** | –0.00115*** | –0.00008 | –0.00008 |
se | (0.00021) | (0.00025) | (0.00207) | (0.00151) | |
P-val | 0.00005 | 0.95655 | |||
Bootstrap P-val | 0 | 0.96697 | |||
Exogeneity test P-val | 0.467 | ||||
Log earnings | coeff | –0.0269*** | –0.0269*** | –0.1002** | –0.1002*** |
se | (0.0033) | (0.0040) | (0.0419) | (0.0291) | |
P-val | 2.51E-08 | 0.0013 | |||
Bootstrap P-val | 0 | 0.0060 | |||
Exogeneity test P-val | 0.00970 | ||||
Log hours worked | coeff | –0.0203*** | –0.0203*** | –0.0723** | –0.0723*** |
se | (0.0024) | (0.0029) | (0.0307) | (0.0207) | |
P-val | 9.35E-09 | 0.0011 | |||
Bootstrap P-val | 0 | 0.0060 | |||
Exogeneity test P-val | 0.0112 | ||||
Panel B: Effect of the instrument in the first stage : OLS | |||||
Outcome: | Standard errors: | Robust | Cluster g∗p | ||
Early non-empl. | coeff | 5.4615*** | 5.4615*** | ||
se | (1.7273) | (1.6848) | |||
P-val | 0.00230 | ||||
Bootstrap P-val | 0.00400 | ||||
F stat | 10.51 | ||||
Bootstrap F stat d | 9.25 |