Employment and wages before and after incarceration – evidence from Hungary

IZA Journal of European Labor Studies

Table 7 Effects of the control variables in equation (1)

	Employment	Daily earnings
Male	0.044^***	0.060^***
	(7.73)	(4.61)
Age	0.018^***	0.013^***
	(11.27)	(3.12)
Age squared/100	−0.025^***	−0.017^***
	(12.92)	(3.02)
Job characteristics
Elementary	-	−0.061^***
		(7.39)
Professional	-	0.102^***
		(4.12)
Unknown or missing	-	−0.077^**
		(2.45)
Employment relationship
Public servant, public employee	-	0.305^***
		(10.31)
Self-employed	-	−0.126^***
		(4.46)
Employed with ‘casual work booklet’	-	−0.366^***
		(3.95)
Other	-	−0.114^*
		(1.96)
Multiple job holder	-	0.242^***
		(4.45)
Employed for one day during the month	-	0.836^***
		(5.65)
Constant	−0.125	0.460
Number of observations	1,361,558	197,382
Number of persons	19,815	10,746
R-squared within	0.056	0.033
R-squared between	0.003	0.053
R-squared overall	0.045	0.065
Wald chi2 (118)	6224.63	1304.19
	(0.000)	(0.000)

Random-effects panel regression. Reference categories: non-elementary, non-professional job (for job characteristics) and employee (for the employment relationship). Dependent variables: ‘employment’ stands for days in work during the month, as a fraction of potential days. ‘Daily earnings’ stand for all recorded income during the month divided by the number of days in work. Normalized for the national average in the given month