Table 1 Descriptive statistics of establishment characteristics, split by WTA and non-WTA firms and pooled over 2008–2013, t tests of the difference between means of the two types of firms
WTA = 1 | WTA = 0 | t-test | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
mean | sd | mean | sd | t value | |
log(PRODUCTIVITY) | 11.600 | (0.93) | 11.215 | (0.96) | 76.42*** |
log(WAGES per EMPLOYEE) | 7.599 | (0.50) | 7.189 | (0.66) | 150.54*** |
log(FIRM SIZE) | 3.908 | (1.66) | 2.500 | (1.40) | 183.04*** |
log(INVESTMENTS) | 12.181 | (2.39) | 10.645 | (2.05) | 148.10*** |
log(GRADUATES) | 1.534 | (1.83) | 0.520 | (1.13) | 159.35*** |
log(SKILLED WORKERS) | 3.333 | (1.75) | 1.823 | (1.47) | 184.34*** |
log(OPERATING SURPLUS) | 14.477 | (1.99) | 12.856 | (1.71) | 160.05*** |
PROFITS | 3.302 | (1.02) | 3.183 | (1.00) | 23.72*** |
LABOR HOARDING | 0.454 | (0.50) | 0.530 | (0.50) | −34.04*** |
PART-TIME WORK | 0.851 | (0.36) | 0.769 | (0.42) | 46.83*** |
TEMPORARY WORK | 0.207 | (0.41) | 0.055 | (0.23) | 99.61*** |
EXTRA PAYMENTS | 0.206 | (0.40) | 0.108 | (0.31) | 59.24*** |
REORGANIZATION | 0.026 | (0.16) | 0.008 | (0.09) | 29.87*** |
COMPETITIVE PRESSURE | 2.996 | (1.04) | 2.910 | (1.01) | 18.56*** |
NEW PRODUCTS | 0.511 | (0.50) | 0.351 | (0.48) | 72.18*** |
NEW PROCEDURES | 0.225 | (0.42) | 0.105 | (0.31) | 72.07*** |
TECHNICAL STATE | 2.172 | (0.72) | 2.257 | (0.77) | −25.30*** |