Table 9 Log productivity - log(PROD) – fixed effects instrumental variables estimates

WORKING TIME ACCOUNTS

0.4572**

0.4568**

log(GRADUATES)

0.0036

0.0020

log(SKILLED WORKERS)

0.0445***

0.0443***

log(FIRM SIZE)

−0.0793***

−0.0784***

log(INVESTMENTS)

0.0148***

0.0143***

LABOR HORDING

−0.0770***

−0.0753***

FIXED-TERM EMPLOYMENT

0.0058

0.0048

PART-TIME WORK

0.0081

0.0111

TEMPORARY WORK

−0.0017

−0.0026

OVERTIME WORK

−0.0113

−0.0117

EXTRA PAYMENT

−0.0005

0.0007

DEPARTED EMPLOYEES

−0.0012***

−0.0012***

LAY-OFFS

0.0003

0.0004**

QUITS

0.0016***

0.0015***

MUTUAL DISMISSALS

−0.0006**

−0.0005**

RELOCATIONS

0.0011***

0.0011***

RETIREMENTS

0.0003

0.0003

EARLY RETIREMENTS

0.0013***

0.0013***

PLANT CLOSURE

−0.0764***

−0.0758***

OUTSOURCING

−0.0469**

−0.0483**

STARBUST

−0.1770***

−0.1833***

REORGANIZATION

0.0774***

0.0719***

COMPETITIVE PRESSURE

−0.0015

−0.0014

NEW PRODUCTS

0.0044

0.0028

NEW PROCEDURE

−0.0188***

−0.0176***

TECHNICAL STATUS

−0.0246***

−0.0246***

Y2008

0.0346***

0.0585***

Y2009

0.0250***

0.0247***

Y2010

−0.0489***

−0.0490***

Y2011

−0.0053

−0.0049

Y2012

0.0137**

0.0141**

INDUSTRIES

no

yes

REGIONS

no

yes

N

47824

47824

Number of groups

2787

2787