Fig. 3
From: Poverty trends during two recessions and two recoveries: lessons from Sweden 1991–2013
Poverty trends 1991–2013 according to different measures. The proportion of the population* (i) with incomes below the relative and absolute poverty line, respectively, (ii) with social assistance some time during the year, and (iii) economically deprived. Notes: *HEK all ages; ULF (1991–2007) 16–84; (2008–2013): 16-w; EU-SILC all ages. Values for 1992 and 2002 are interpolated for income-based indicators. The curve for cash margin collapses two adjacent years and is based on moving averages. Social assistance includes introductory benefits for immigrants up to 2012. Source: HEK, ULF (cash margin, economic problems), and EU-SILC (material deprivation), Statistics Sweden