From: Did tuition fees in Germany constrain students’ budgets? New evidence from a natural experiment
(1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DiD | −0.032** | −0.032** | −0.031** | −0.032** | −0.032** | −0.031** | −0.035*** |
(0.013) | (0.013) | (0.013) | (0.013) | (0.013) | (0.013) | (0.013) | |
Treatment group | 0.016* | 0.016* | 0.030*** | 0.031*** | 0.031*** | 0.030*** | 0.056*** |
(0.009) | (0.009) | (0.009) | (0.009) | (0.009) | (0.009) | (0.016) | |
Year 2009 | 0.029*** | 0.029*** | 0.021** | 0.032*** | 0.032*** | 0.033*** | 0.034*** |
(0.010) | (0.010) | (0.010) | (0.009) | (0.009) | (0.009) | (0.009) | |
Men | −0.009 | −0.011* | −0.049*** | −0.049*** | −0.050*** | −0.049*** | |
(0.007) | (0.007) | (0.007) | (0.007) | (0.007) | (0.007) | ||
German citizenship | −0.046** | −0.042** | −0.029 | −0.028 | −0.043** | −0.041** | |
(0.021) | (0.021) | (0.020) | (0.020) | (0.020) | (0.020) | ||
Siblings | −0.021** | −0.015 | −0.022** | −0.022** | −0.022** | −0.025*** | |
(0.010) | (0.009) | (0.009) | (0.009) | (0.009) | (0.009) | ||
Studying time (in semesters) | 0.035*** | 0.004 | 0.003 | 0.001 | 0.003 | ||
(0.002) | (0.003) | (0.003) | (0.003) | (0.003) | |||
Studying time (in semesters) squared | −0.000*** | −0.000 | −0.000 | −0.000 | −0.000 | ||
(0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | |||
Age | 0.102*** | 0.107*** | 0.110*** | 0.106*** | |||
(0.016) | (0.016) | (0.016) | (0.016) | ||||
Age squared | −0.001*** | −0.001*** | −0.001*** | −0.001*** | |||
(0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | ||||
Apprenticeship before studying | −0.011 | −0.003 | −0.000 | ||||
(0.010) | (0.010) | (0.010) | |||||
Father’s position in the job (reference: low) | |||||||
Medium | 0.011 | 0.010 | |||||
(0.012) | (0.012) | ||||||
High | 0.034*** | 0.030** | |||||
(0.012) | (0.012) | ||||||
Mother’s position in the job (reference: low) | |||||||
Medium | 0.030*** | 0.031*** | |||||
(0.011) | (0.011) | ||||||
High | 0.084*** | 0.086*** | |||||
(0.012) | (0.012) | ||||||
Dummy variables for federal states | Yes | ||||||
Constant | 6.342*** | 6.408*** | 6.187*** | 4.499*** | 4.436*** | 4.347*** | 4.348*** |
(0.007) | (0.023) | (0.024) | (0.196) | (0.206) | (0.206) | (0.206) | |
R 2 adjusted | 0.000 | 0.001 | 0.044 | 0.088 | 0.088 | 0.092 | 0.096 |
Number of observations | 25,361 | 25,361 | 25,361 | 25,361 | 25,361 | 25,361 | 25,361 |