Table 3 Difference-in-differences estimates (log. of total expenditure, 2006 and 2009)
From: Did tuition fees in Germany constrain students’ budgets? New evidence from a natural experiment
(1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pooled | Coeff. | −0.032** | −0.032** | −0.031** | −0.032** | −0.032** | −0.031** | −0.035*** |
S.E. | (0.013) | (0.013) | (0.013) | (0.013) | (0.013) | (0.013) | (0.013) | |
No. of obs. | 25,361 | 25,361 | 25,361 | 25,361 | 25,361 | 25,361 | 25,361 | |
Men | Coeff. | −0.010 | −0.011 | −0.016 | −0.015 | −0.014 | −0.014 | −0.018 |
S.E. | (0.021) | (0.021) | (0.021) | (0.020) | (0.020) | (0.020) | (0.020) | |
No. of obs. | 10,445 | 10,445 | 10,445 | 10,445 | 10,445 | 10,445 | 10,445 | |
Women | Coeff. | −0.047*** | −0.047*** | −0.042** | −0.045*** | −0.044*** | −0.044*** | −0.047*** |
S.E. | (0.017) | (0.017) | (0.017) | (0.016) | (0.016) | (0.016) | (0.016) | |
No. of obs. | 14,916 | 14,916 | 14,916 | 14,916 | 14,916 | 14,916 | 14,916 | |
Treatment group | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
Year 2009 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
Men | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||
Citizenship | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||
Siblings | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||
Studying time (in semesters) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||
Studying time (in semesters) squared | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||
Age | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||
Age squared | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||
Apprenticeship before studying | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||
Father’s position in the job | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||
Mother’s position in the job | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||
Dummy variables for federal states | ✓ | |||||||