Table 7 Heckman model. Estimated marginal effects in hours, by country and sex (2002–2011)

 Intercept (α ₂)

33.5***

41.6***

34.5***

42.9***

34.1***

42.4***

29.5***

38.3***

  50–54 (β _2,2)

−1.68***

−0.61***

0.13

1.31***

−0.50***

0.29***

0.13*

−1.25***

  55–59 (β _3,2)

−1.57***

−0.20

−0.93***

2.47***

0.18*

0.18***

0.73***

−2.41***

  60–64 (β _4,2)

−0.56

0.72**

−1.39***

4.63***

1.99***

−0.54***

3.31***

−3.81***

  Medium (γ _2,2)

−1.26***

−0.94***

−1.42***

−1.51***

−2.60***

−2.27***

−2.42***

1.30***

  Low (γ _3,2)

−3.33***

−1.91***

−2.94***

−3.11***

−2.88***

−2.48***

−2.36***

1.12***

  Abroad (δ _2,2)

0.74***

−0.31**

−0.83***

−0.71***

0.81***

−0.74***

3.56***

−0.71***

  Seniority (τ ₂)

0.06***

0.04***

0.11***

−0.00

0.21***

0.05***

0.02***

0.08***

 2007–2011 \( \left({\tilde{\alpha}}_3\right) \)

0.75***

−0.04

0.80***

0.24***

0.00

0.09

0.10

−0.23***

  50–54 \( \left({\tilde{\beta}}_{2,3}\right) \)

−0.21

−0.01

−0.71***

−0.49***

−0.46**

−0.54***

−0.67***

0.08

  55–59 \( \left({\tilde{\beta}}_{3,3}\right) \)

−0.77***

−0.89***

−0.51***

−1.23***

−0.74***

−1.08***

−1.21***

−0.33***

  60–64 \( \left({\tilde{\beta}}_{4,3}\right) \)

−1.24**

−0.30

−1.21***

−2.46***

−0.71**

1.19***

−3.13***

−1.54***

  Medium \( \left({\tilde{\gamma}}_{2,3}\right) \)

−0.89***

−0.27**

−0.60***

−0.38***

−1.05***

−0.37***

−0.64***

−0.23***

  Low \( \left({\tilde{\gamma}}_{3,3}\right) \)

−0.89***

−0.12

−0.93***

−0.35***

−0.76***

−1.13***

−1.01***

−0.05

  Abroad \( \left({\tilde{\delta}}_{2,3}\right) \)

−0.16

0.18

−0.11

−0.09

−0.65***

−0.20

0.05

0.06

  Seniority \( \left({\tilde{\tau}}_3\right) \)

−0.00

0.02

0.02***

0.04***

0.01

0.04***

0.02***

0.03***

  Mills ratio

−0.73***

−1.14***

−0.31***

−1.81***

−8.15***

−1.39***

−3.46***

−0.58***

  # obs. (×1000)

131.7

145.0

538.0

581.9

296.4

355.4

249.1

330.1