The impact of easy and early access to old-age benefits on exits from the labour market: a macro-micro analysis

IZA Journal of European Labor Studies

Table 2 Correlation coefficients between cyclical components of male and female participation rates, male and female discouraged workers rates, GDP and unemployment rate computed on the basis of the HP filter estimates

Variable	Hodrick-Prescott filter
Variable	GDP	Unemployment rate
Male participation rate 45–64	−0.079	0.048
Male participation rate 45+	0.190	0.031
Female participation rate 45–59	−0.364^c	0.545^c
Female participation rate 45+	−0.207	0.491^c
Male discouraged worker rate 45–64	−0.305^b	0.251^a
Male discouraged worker rate 45+	−0.327^b	0.270^b
Female discouraged worker rate 45–59	−0.122	0.091
Female discouraged worker rate 45+	−0.174	0.134

^aSignificant at the 10% level; ^bsignificant at the 5% level; ^csignificant at the 1% level
Source: authors’ calculations; data sources: LFS and Central Statistical Office Poland